2. What has turned what was once a disaster into a catastrophe?
Amount of time over which the hazardous event occurs.
Increasing population and poor land-use planning.
Type of hazard.
Climate change.
Amount of area over which the hazardous event occurs.

3. What has turned what was once a disaster into a catastrophe?
Amount of time over which the hazardous event occurs.
Increasing population and poor land-use planning.
Type of hazard.
Climate change.
Amount of area over which the hazardous event occurs.
Answer: B
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: Case Study – Earthquake in Haiti, 2010: A Human-Caused Catastrophe?
Earth Science LO: 9.1 – Human activities significantly change the rates of many of Earth’s surface processes.

4. An event is considered a natural disaster if
100 or more people are killed.
100,000 or more people are affected.
1,000 or more people are affected.
10 or more people are killed.
None of the answers are correct.

5. An event is considered a natural disaster if
100 or more people are killed.
100,000 or more people are affected.
1,000 or more people are affected.
10 or more people are killed.
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 1.1 – Why Studying Natural Hazards Is Important
Earth Science LO: 8.2 – Natural hazards shape the history of human societies.

6. Why do high-income countries suffer the lowest number of deaths in natural disasters despite having relatively high populations?
All of the answers are correct.
Less people living in one area
Improved warning systems, disaster preparedness, and sanitation post-disaster
Higher level of education in the countries
Better hazard control in the countries

7. All of the answers are correct. Less people living in one area
Why do high-income countries suffer the lowest number of deaths in natural disasters despite having relatively high populations?
All of the answers are correct.
Less people living in one area
Improved warning systems, disaster preparedness, and sanitation post-disaster
Higher level of education in the countries
Better hazard control in the countries
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 1.1 – Why Studying Natural Hazards Is Important
Earth Science LO: 8.7 – Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards, but can engage in activities that reduce their impacts.

8. The processes that produce the earth materials, land, water, and atmosphere necessary for survival are collectively known as the
Biogeochemical cycle.
Agricultural cycle.
Hydrologic cycle.
Global Carbon cycle.
Geologic cycle.

9. The processes that produce the earth materials, land, water, and atmosphere necessary for survival are collectively known as the
Biogeochemical cycle.
Agricultural cycle.
Hydrologic cycle.
Global Carbon cycle.
Geologic cycle.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 1.3 – The Geologic Cycle
Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

11. The figure demonstrates the
Biogeochemical cycle.
Agricultural cycle.
Hydrologic cycle.
Global carbon cycle.
Geologic cycle.

12. The figure demonstrates the
Biogeochemical cycle.
Agricultural cycle.
Hydrologic cycle.
Global carbon cycle.
Geologic cycle.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 1.3 – The Geologic Cycle
Earth Science LO: 5.5 – Earth’s water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet.

13. Natural hazards can be identified and studied using
the geologic cycle.
the Richter magnitude scale.
mapping techniques.
the scientific method.
All of the answers are correct.

14. Natural hazards can be identified and studied using
the geologic cycle.
the Richter magnitude scale.
mapping techniques.
the scientific method.
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry
Section: 1.4 – Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
Earth Science LO: 1.2 – Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

15. What makes a natural Earth process a hazard?
People live or work near the process.
The process is a minimum size.
10 or more people are affected by the process.
Controls to limit the process are ineffective.
All the answers are correct.

16. What makes a natural Earth process a hazard?
People live or work near the process.
The process is a minimum size.
10 or more people are affected by the process.
Controls to limit the process are ineffective.
All the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 1.4 – Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
Earth Science LO: 9.1 – Human activities significantly change the rates of many of Earth’s surface processes.

17. A landslide resulting from the clearing of natural vegetation that in turn causes flooding due to the slide mass damming a stream, which then damages and destroys homes is an example of
uniformitarianism.
environmental unity.
probability of occurrence.
forecasting.
precursor events.

18. probability of occurrence. forecasting. precursor events.
A landslide resulting from the clearing of natural vegetation that in turn causes flooding due to the slide mass damming a stream, which then damages and destroys homes is an example of
uniformitarianism.
environmental unity.
probability of occurrence.
forecasting.
precursor events.
Answer: B
Diff: 5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 1.4 – Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.3 – Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards.

19. Why are warnings issued even if the forecast is not 100% for a predicted hazard?
Someday they will get it right.
To scare people into reacting.
Make sure the media is reporting the warning.
An informed public is better able to act responsibly than an uninformed public.
None of the answers are correct.

20. Someday they will get it right. To scare people into reacting.
Why are warnings issued even if the forecast is not 100% for a predicted hazard?
Someday they will get it right.
To scare people into reacting.
Make sure the media is reporting the warning.
An informed public is better able to act responsibly than an uninformed public.
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 1.4 – Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.8 – An Earth-science-literate public is essential for reducing risks from natural hazards.

21. The risk society or an individual is willing to take depending on the situation is called
long-term risk.
short-term risk.
hazard risk.
probable risk.
acceptable risk.

22. The risk society or an individual is willing to take depending on the situation is called
long-term risk.
short-term risk.
hazard risk.
probable risk.
acceptable risk.
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 1.4 – Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.8 – An Earth-science-literate public is essential for reducing risks from natural hazards.

23. A massive forest fire that causes more damage than a small, contained one but occurs less frequently is an example of
a catastrophe.
the magnitude-frequency concept.
forecasting a natural hazard.
linkages between natural hazards.
the risk of a natural hazard.

24. the magnitude-frequency concept. forecasting a natural hazard.
A massive forest fire that causes more damage than a small, contained one but occurs less frequently is an example of
a catastrophe.
the magnitude-frequency concept.
forecasting a natural hazard.
linkages between natural hazards.
the risk of a natural hazard.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 1.4 – Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

25. Possible increases in the flooding of the Yangtze River due to the basin losing about 85 percent of its forest to timber harvesting and conversion of land to agriculture is an example of
a change in forecasting the event.
poor city planning affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event.
an event increasing in magnitude and frequency through natural processes.
population growth affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event.
land-use changes affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event.

26. a change in forecasting the event.
Possible increases in the flooding of the Yangtze River due to the basin losing about 85 percent of its forest to timber harvesting and conversion of land to agriculture is an example of
a change in forecasting the event.
poor city planning affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event.
an event increasing in magnitude and frequency through natural processes.
population growth affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event.
land-use changes affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event.
Answer: E
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 1.4 – Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.3 – Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards.

28. The given figure shows
the stages of forecasting a natural hazard.
the stages of land-use changes affecting an event.
population growth throughout the last century.
the stages of recovery after a disaster.
various frequencies of a natural hazard.

29. the stages of forecasting a natural hazard.
The given figure shows
the stages of forecasting a natural hazard.
the stages of land-use changes affecting an event.
population growth throughout the last century.
the stages of recovery after a disaster.
various frequencies of a natural hazard.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
Section: 1.4 – Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.7 – Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards but can engage in activities that reduce their impacts.

30. Emotional distress, donation of money or goods, and payment of taxes levied to finance recovery are examples of ________ of a disaster.
indirect effects
direct effects
recovery stages
total effects
effect stages

31. Emotional distress, donation of money or goods, and payment of taxes levied to finance recovery are examples of ________ of a disaster.
indirect effects
direct effects
recovery stages
total effects
effect stages
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 1.4 – Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.5 – Natural hazards can be local or global in origin.

32. Why is it important to understand the perceptions of those affected by the hazard?
Determines the time to recovery after the hazard
Determines how the information is portrayed in the media
Success of hazard reduction programs depends on their attitudes
Success of evacuations depends on their attitudes
Determines the speed of emergency response

33. Determines the time to recovery after the hazard
Why is it important to understand the perceptions of those affected by the hazard?
Determines the time to recovery after the hazard
Determines how the information is portrayed in the media
Success of hazard reduction programs depends on their attitudes
Success of evacuations depends on their attitudes
Determines the speed of emergency response
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 1.4 – Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.8 – An Earth-science-literate public is essential for reducing risks from natural hazards.

34. What is not a way to minimize or avoid the effects of natural hazards?
Artificial control of natural processes
Evacuation
Disaster preparedness
Rebuild in the hazard area
Land-use planning

35. What is not a way to minimize or avoid the effects of natural hazards?
Artificial control of natural processes
Evacuation
Disaster preparedness
Rebuild in the hazard area
Land-use planning
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 1.4 – Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.7 – Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards but can engage in activities that reduce their impacts.

36. Climate change is likely to affect natural hazards in the future by
it will not affect them at all.
increasing their severity and frequency.
decreasing their severity and frequency.
increasing their severity but decreasing their frequency.
decreasing their severity but increasing their frequency.

37. Climate change is likely to affect natural hazards in the future by
it will not affect them at all.
increasing their severity and frequency.
decreasing their severity and frequency.
increasing their severity but decreasing their frequency.
decreasing their severity but increasing their frequency.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 1.6 – Global Climate Change and Hazards
Earth Science LO: 1.5 – Earth scientists use their understanding of the past to forecast Earth’s future.