The Hundred Years War Jonathan Hinkle Mrs. Eckman Wissler CP British Literature 19 September, 2017

Introduction The Hundred Years war was a war that took place between the kings and kingdoms of England and France. Even though it is called the Hundred Years war, it actually took place over a span of 116 years, 1337-1453.

What started the war? There were two main factors that started the war. The first factor was the status of Guyenne. The second factor was the closest relatives of the last direct Capetian king, Charles IV, the kings of England from 1337 were claiming the crown of France.

What is Guyenne? Guyenne was a region of southwestern France. It was under English control for much of the later European middle ages. It would remain under English control until the beginning of the war, when it was retaken by the French kingdom. It wouldn’t remain under French control for long as the Treaty of Bretigny in 1360, returned the regions Guyenne and Aquitaine back to England. In the later stages of the war, France would retain both regions.

Who were the kings? Over the 116 year span of the war both France and England, went through many kings. The kings that led France during the war were Philip VI, John II, Charles V, Charles VI, and Charles VII. The kings that led England during the war were Edward III, Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI.

Major Battles (Battle of Crecy & Battle of Poitiers) The battle of Crecy happened early in the war in 1346. The battle was fought in French territory and despite being outnumbered the English were able to come away with the victory. This would then lead to the Siege of Calais (an important French Port). The Battle of Poitiers would take place 10 years later, in 1356, Edward III led England to a victory where they would capture the French king, John II. John II would later be released after agreeing to pay a large ransom.

(Battle of Agincourt & the Lifting of the Siege of Orleans) Major Battles Pt.2 (Battle of Agincourt & the Lifting of the Siege of Orleans) The Battle of Agincourt took place in 1415, and was the last major victory for England, led by Henry V the outnumbered English to a victory. At this point the English controlled much of France, but the English struggled to achieve a victory after the battle, and the war turned heavily in favor of the French. The city of Orleans, France was under siege by England, but in 1429, a 17-year old French peasant, Joan of Arc, was able to lead a French army to break the siege. This would be a morale booster for the French army, but would also allow Charles VII to travel to Rheims and be crowned King of France. Joan of Arc would later be captured, and hanged for heresy.

End of the War The final battle of the war was known as the Battle of Castillon on July 17, 1453. The French would defeat the English reclaiming all of France except Calais, which would be reclaimed in 1558. Following the Battle of Castillon, the French captured the region of Bordeaux on October 9th, this would be the expulsion of England who didn’t have the ability to fight back because of the War of the Roses. The war was formally ended in 1475 with the Treaty of Picquigny, with England renouncing their claim to the throne of France. Battle of Castillon

Effects of the War Both France and England suffered many casualties in the war and from plague over the time of the war. France lost around 50% of its population, it also realized the importance of war and protecting its land from foreigners. England lost 20-33% of its population and nearly all of its outside territories, which majorly slowed down their development.

Works Cited “Hundred Years’ War.” History. 20 Sept, 2017, http://history.com/topics/hundred-years-war “Guyenne.” Britannica. 20 Sept, 2017, https://www.britannica.com/place/Guyenne “Hundred Year’s War (1337-1453)” Luminarium. 20 Sept, 2017, http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/100years.htm Ainrudh. “10 Interesting Facts About the Hundred Years’ War.” Learnodo-Newtonic. 4 June, 2015, https://learnodo-newtonic.com/hundred-years-war-facts “List of 5 Most Significant Battles of the Hundred Years’ War.” HistoryLists. 20 Sept, 2017, http://historylists.org/events/list-of-5-most-significant- battles-of-the-hundred-years-war.html Works Cited

Works Cited Images http://www.history.com/topics/hundred-years-war https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Castillon