Islam Chapters 3 & 4

Early Expansion The Big Idea 7.2.4 7.2.5 The Big Idea Conquest and trade led to the spread of Islam, the blending of cultures, and the growth of cities.

The Spread of Islam Main Idea 1: Muslim armies conquered many lands into which Islam slowly spread.

The Spread of Islam After Muhammad’s death, Abu Bakr became the first caliph, the title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam. Caliphs were not religious leaders, but political and military leaders. Abu Bakr

The Spread of Islam Abu Bakr led a series of battles against Arab tribes who did not follow Muhammad’s teachings. Charge!!

Growth of the Empire Muslim armies continued to battle Arab tribes that did not follow Muhammad’s teachings. The Muslim armies united Arabia, then defeated the Persian and Byzantine empires.

Growth of the Empire After years of fighting Muslim armies, many Berbers from North Africa, converted to Islam and joined forces with the Arabs. A combined Berber and Arab army invaded Spain and conquered it in AD 711.

Growth of the Empire

Trade Helps Spread Islam Main Idea 2: Trade helped Islam spread into new areas.

Trade Helps Spread Islam Trade also brought new products to Muslim lands and made many people rich. Travelers learned how to make paper from the Chinese. Merchants brought crops of cotton, rice, and oranges from India, China, and Southeast Asia. Muslim merchants set up trade businesses in Africa.

The Spread of Islamic Culture Main Idea 3: A mix of cultures was one result of Islam’s spread.

The Spread of Islamic Culture As Islam spread through trade, warfare, and treaties, Arabs came into contact with people who had different beliefs and lifestyles. Language and religion helped unify many groups that became part of the Islamic world. Arabic language Islamic Religion

The Spread of Islamic Culture Muslims generally practiced tolerance, or acceptance. Jews and Christians in particular could keep their beliefs.

The Growth of Cities Main Idea 4: Islamic influence encouraged the growth of cities.

The Growth of Cities Baghdad It was the Capital of Islamic Empire (today it’s the capital of Iraq) Built hospitals, observatories, and a library that was used as a university

The Growth of Cities Baghdad Located near land and water trade routes Walled city

The Growth of Cities Cordoba It is the current capital of Spain Strong economy based on agriculture and trade By the AD 900s, was the largest and most advanced city in Europe Great center of learning Also a center of Jewish culture