Warm Up – 2/23/17 What becomes the first cash crop in the colonies? What is the first law making representative assembly in America? What is an indentured servant?

England Settles the New World Southern and Middle English Colonies

Maryland: Catholic Haven Catholics facing persecution in England Catholic leaders decide to settle an all-Catholic colony 1632: King Charles I grant charter to: Lord Baltimore (a wealthy, Catholic aristocrat) Become proprietary colony Founded by private individuals, power to make and execute laws Officially founded 1634 Named after Catholic Queen Mary Many Catholic and Protestants…..many issues Maryland Act of Toleration Religious toleration to ALL Christians EXCEPT: Jews, atheists and others who didn’t believe in the divinity of Jesus Christ…..got death penalty

The Carolinas King Charles II was interested in the unsettled lands b/w Virginia and Spanish Florida Open to all Christians…hoping to bring others from less tolerant colonies Flourished by developing close economic ties with the West Indies Many original Carolina settlers came from Barbados and brought strict “slave codes” for ruling slaves Rice emerged as the principle crop African slaves were hired to work on rice plantations Had resistance to malaria and familiar with rice Regions separate when investors sold their land in the north to the crown…thus creating NC and SC

Carolinas Separate….1712 NC People strong willed and independent minded Developed strong resistance to authority Lacked good ports and population was sparse Begin to grow tobacco Use pine/pine tar for commercial goods SC People more aristocratic and wealthier Had good ports - Charles Towne Farmed sugar cane, tobacco, rice and indigo Rely on slave labor…from West Indies

Georgia…1733 Last colony Intended to be a buffer zone b/w British colonies and hostile Spanish settlements in Florida 1720 - James Oglethorpe wanted to establish a colony for poor debtors (prisoners) to get a fresh start Was a humanitarian - person interested in improving peoples lives 1732 – Issued a charter by King George II Founded Savannah, Georgia All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration

Middle Colonies

Pennsylvania Founded by William Penn Settled by Quakers Called “City of Brotherly love” Settled by Quakers Sought religious freedom Believed in the equality of men and women Non-violent Church beliefs: No hierarchy of church (no priests no bishops no minsters) Simple meetings everyone speaks Only Christians can vote Germans loved the farmland Amish Huguenots from France

Delaware Royal colony Under direct control of the King of England, who would appoint a governor Founded in 1664 Originally colony of Swedes, then by Dutch and later seized by England Given to William Penn so he could have access to the Delaware River

New York Explored by the Dutch in 1609 Allowed all religions and nationalities – boosted population Originally named New Amsterdam 1674 – English fight the Dutch over the the land and finally seize it King James II will rename it New York Royal colony

New Jersey Part of the state was settled by Dutch and Swedish In 1664 the entire area was surrendered to the English, and given its name.