A presentation to Sub-Group – II Stakeholders’ Centric Research in water sector – Research Needs to achieve Sustainable Development Goals A presentation to Sub-Group – II DR. M.K. SINHA, Director, CWPRS

Service through Research Central Water and Power Research Station Research combines evidence and knowledge – impacts nature, distribution, effecti-veness, efficiency and quality of public services.

Water - vital for development and economic growth Improvement in water situation of a country determines the progress in human development and economic growth of a country. -Shah and Kumar (2008) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) depends exponentially on Sustainable Water Use Index (SWUI) GDP SWUI Human Development Index (HDI) depends on Sustainable Water Use Index (SWUI) HDI SWUI

Challenges of Water Resources Management “There is a water crisis. It is a crisis of governance, and it is a crisis directly impacting life, livelihoods and well-being as these are experienced each day” - United Nation’s World Water Development Report (2003) “Anyone who can solve the problems of water will be worthy of two Nobel prizes—one for peace and one for science.” - John F. Kennedy (1962)

Water - Concerns and strategies Concern – increasing demand, growing water stress causes conflicts among citizens / societies: As a result of over usage or diversion Competition amongst different uses Strategies – Conservation (Efficient Use, maximizing value, Reduction of water footprints, Repair, Renovation & Restoration of water bodies, etc.) - Increasing utilizable water (Rainwater harvesting, Artificial Recharge of Groundwater, more storages, integrated planning, etc.) - Institutional reforms (to ensure equity, effective regulation, Irrigation Departments to be made multi-disciplinary, etc.)

Water and Food Security - Concerns and strategies Concerns – growing population, low productivity 1.7 billion (2050) people would need 450 MT cereal requiring 807 BCM water Crop yield/Ha very low – 1 T/Ha (rainfed); 2.5 T/Ha (irrigated) Country Rice Productivity (Kg/Ha) NPK Consumption (Rice) (Kg/Ha) Irrigation Water Withdrawal (BCM/Yr/MHa) India 2178 160.7 3.48 Bangladesh 4203 129.3 3.36 Pakistan 3581 111.7 6.75 Indonesia 4999 108.6 3.27 Myanmar 4085 5.4 1.90 Vietnam 5237 203.4 9.87 Source: EXIM Bank: Enhancing Crop productivity in Indian Agriculture

Water and Food Security - Concerns and strategies Over-exploitation of groundwater, deterioration of soil & water quality Strategies – - Increasing irrigated area (AIBP, CADWM, reducing gap between Irrigation potential created and utilized) - Increasing water use efficiency (micro-irrigation, irrigation scheduling, improving infrastructure, better seeds) - Reducing dependence on groundwater (rationalizing electricity tariff, dedicated feeder for agricultural purposes, etc.) - Improving soil moisture in rainfed areas (Integrated watershed management, etc.)

NATIONAL WATER POLICY (2012) Integrated Water Resources Development & Management to fulfill the need of water for living, ecology and growth Demand Management - Efficient use, Recycle/Reuse/Reduce Social Equity - Community participation, Empowerment of WUAs Climate Change - Impact Assessment, Adaptation Strategies Governance Reforms - Framework Law, Basin Management Policy Reforms - Water as Community Resource, Centre for Policy Research NATIONAL WATER POLICY (2012) – A VISION DOCUMENT

Sustainable Development Goals A set of 17 goals for the world’s future, through 2030, with a set of 169 detailed Targets Negotiated over a two-year period at the United Nations Agreed to by nearly all the world’s nations, on 25 Sept 2015 Characterized by Universality, Integration and Transformation #6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all

Sustainable Development Goals No. 6 – Target for 2030 6.1 Universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water 6.2 Adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene; end open defecation 6.3 Improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing hazardous chemicals and materials 6.4 Substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors 6.5 Implement integrated water resources management at all levels 6.6 Protect and restore water-related ecosystems, 6.a Expand international cooperation and capacity-building 6.bSupport and strengthen the participation of local communities

Areas of People’s Centric Research in Water CREED – a system of principles Conservation Reduce, Recycle and Reuse Efficiency Equitable Distribution

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