1. 4.2 Access To Water

2. Think About it 1.1 billion people live without clean drinking water
2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation
1.8 million people die every year from diarrhea
3900 children die every day from waterborne disease
260 river basins are shared by two or more countries

3. Think About it Quantity of water needed to produce 1 kg of:
Wheat 1,000 L
Rice 1,400L
Beef 13,000L
Water bottle 13 gallons

4. Water Scarcity
Water scarcity is affected by water availability and how water is used
Agriculture (70%), Industry (20%)
Distribution of available water is uneven
Only use 50% worlds' reliable runoff
70% of water withdraws from rivers, lakes and aquifers are not returned to the source.

5. Water Resources

6. Freshwater Stress

7. Water Usage

8. Sustainable Water Use
Sustainable: use of a resource at a rate that does not impact future generations
Sources of freshwater
Replacing water in aquifers is very slow
Some aquifers cannot be refilled
water.usgs.gov

9. Water Scarcity and Water Degredation
Water Scarcity Issues:
Growing population
Climate change
Agriculture practices
Low water levels
Aquifer exhaustion

10. Water Scarcity & Water Degradation
Water Scarcity Solution
Build dams (reservoirs)
Desalination – takes a lot of energy
Rainwater harvesting
Artificially recharged aquifers

11. Water Scarcity & Water Degradation
Water Scarcity Solution
More efficient domestic use
Grey water cycling
Rainwater harvesting
Drought resistant crops
Drip irrigation
Water at night

12. Water Scarcity & Water Degradation
Water Degradation Issues
Contamination of aquifers
Salinization of top soil
Overuse of fertilizers and pesticides
Industrial pollutants
Release of warm water
themoderenworld.com

13. Water Scarcity & Water Degradation
Water Degradation Solutions
Use organic farming methods
Use highly selective pesticides
Industry removes pollutants
Regulate temperature of water
Legislation and regulation

14. Water Wars Water conflicts around the world
Middle East – Nile, Jordan, Tigris
US – Colorado River, Ogallala aquifer
China – Yellow River
India – Ganges