ANCIENT INDIA: Early Settlement How did India’s Geography Influence Early development of civilizations?

Today… Standard: (S2CO2PO3) Describe the importance of the following river valleys in the development of ancient civilizations: Indus River in Ancient India. Agenda: Early Settlers Foldable – create a foldable to use to complete presentation notes about Early Settlers in Ancient India. Map Activity – label key elements in a map of Ancient India’s geography. Exit-Ticket – starting today we are brain athletes who are working to track our learning in our notebooks after completing the e-ticket. Objective: I can describe how geography influenced early civilizations in Ancient India based off a presentation. Expectations: Looks Like: Taking notes, and participating during the presentation. Sounds Like: Voices off unless you’re participating.

Foldable: Directions Steps: Materials: Scissors Marker/Pen Construction Paper S.S. notebook Steps: Fold construction paper in half hamburger style. Cut down the middle of the top flap Glue into your notebook.

Foldable: Directions Label: Vocabulary Peninsula – Monsoons – Citadel – Early Settlers: Label: Top Left – “Vocabulary” Bottom Left – “Geography & Climate” Top Right – “Early Settlers” Draw a large triangle in the bottom right corner of your paper, and divide it into four sections. Geography & Climate:

ANCIENT INDIA’S: Geography India is a country in South Asia India is a peninsula – an area of land surrounded by water on three sides known as a subcontinent. India is made up of: Deserts, Beaches, Rain forests, Mountain ranges, Rivers, Plains. VISUALIZE!

Geography: ANCIENT INDIA The subcontinent of India stretches south from the Himalaya and Hindu Kush mountain ranges. These mountains offer very limited contact to the rest of Asia. The Indus River and the Ganges River make up India’s river areas which offers very fertile land.

Map Activity: Label the Map Cut out the map. Glue it into your notebook. Label the geography Mountains: Himalayas Hindu Kush Western Ghats Eastern Ghats Bodies of Water: Indus River Ganges River Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea Landmasses Thar Desert Deccan Plateau

ANCIENT INDIA’S: Climate Their climate is hot and dry, dominated by monsoons. Monsoons are strong winds that blow across the region at certain times of the year. October – May: “Winter Monsoons” from the northeast that carry dry air. June – September: (rainy season) Wind blows from the Indian Ocean bringing heavy rain fall that drenches the plains and river valleys daily. Weak Monsoons = crops dry out and famine occurs Too much rain = deadly floods

ANCIENT INDIA’S: INDUS RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS The Indus River cut through the mountains across Northern India making farming possible in the river valleys. The Indus River Valley had very rich soil = farming and surplus of wheat products Surplus of food = population growth from villages into cities These cities are known as Harappa.

ANCIENT INDIA’S: Mohenjo-Daro The Mohenjo- Daro were one of the world’s first great civilizations that existed about 4,500 years ago along the Indus River. People entered the subcontinent from openings in the mountains. Their city was built above ground- level to protect from floods. The city was made out of clay bricks.

ANCIENT INDIA’S: Mohenjo-Daro Citadel – the highest point of the city that is enclosed by a brick wall to protect the city’s most important buildings including a grain house and a bath house. They developed a drainage system made of clay pipes that ran sewage under their brick streets. They also made canals systems along the river to catch overflow of flood waters, to limit flood damage.

Life in Mohenjo-Daro They mined for flint, copper, and tin to make tools. Traders from Mesopotamia came to trade here! They lived in homes that opened to courtyards where people enjoyed games and music. Their language is still a mystery as historians are still unable to decode written texts from their time.

A New Culture: Aryan Life Aryans migrated from central Asia. They were herders and warriors who lived in temporary villages. They used horse-drawn chariots in contrast to on-foot travel. They made tools and weapons out of iron Used their tools to clear thick rain forests to build their farms, villages, and their cities. Aryan culture began to mix into Harappan life as marriages between the two cultures formed.

ANCIENT INDIA’S: Caste System The caste system is made up of four classes: Priests – referred to as Brahmans Performed religious services and composed hymns and prayers. Warriors and Nobles Artisans and Merchants Farmers, laborers, and servants

ANCIENT INDIA’S: Caste System Untouchables This last group of people were considered the lowest in their society, so low that they were not part of the caste system. They had no rights, and took jobs that were considered “dirty” by Hindus. The caste system demanded people to remain in the same caste as their parents. People from different castes were not allowed to mix with each other. 

Don’t forget to complete your Daily Tracker in your notebook. EXIT TICKET: after completing this on a sticky note, add it to the E- Wall. HOW DID INDIA’S GEOGRAPHY INFLUENCE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILIZATIONS? Don’t forget to complete your Daily Tracker in your notebook.

References History of our World: The Early Ages - Pearson Textbooks The Primary Source Guide to: India by Autumn Leigh Life in the Ancient Indus River Valley by Hazel Richardson (Slide 9,10,and 13 image source) Slide 3 & 4 (map): https://1.files.edl.io/MGxqSc7KnkYmCdSxfacCHJWmWlU7X3SEZqxB2NitrDKbDokr.pdf Slide 7 (picture): History of our World: The Early Ages - Pearson Textbooks Slide 8 (picture): http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/Pakistanmohenjo.htm Slide 12 (picture): Image Source: http://asiasociety.org/education/jati-caste-system-india