1. Harappan Civilization

2. Indus Valley Civilization
Located on the Indian subcontinent near the Indus and Ganges rivers

3. Monsoons
Monsoons: seasonal wind in the Indian Ocean and southern Asia that brings heavy rains in the summer and dry weather in the winter (unpredictable)

4. Harappan Civilization
The Indus Valley civilization aka. Harappan civilization: many archaeological discoveries made in the ancient city of Harappa
Harappan civilization is known for its city planning
Cities like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were built using an organized grid system
Cities featured a citadel that contained major buildings
Buildings were constructed of oven-baked bricks cut in standard sizes
Sophisticated plumbing and sewage systems
What does the uniformity in city planning and construction suggest?

6. Harappan Achievements
Strong central government to help build organized and advanced cities
Used uniformly sized baked bricks for building
Developed sophisticated plumbing and sewage systems in their cities

8. Harappan Achievements
Language: the Indus Valley civilization also had a written language, but it cannot be translated
Culture: little evidence of a social class system
Religion: no temples, developed a religion that influenced the development of Hinduism
Trade: by land and sea with other civilizations, including Mesopotamia. E.g. gold, silver, cotton, copper etc.

10. Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization
Historians still disagree about exactly what led to the decline and end of the Indus Valley civilization
Aryan Invasion Theory: some historians argue that Indo- European nomads attacked and conquered Indus Valley settlements
Climate Change Theory: others argue that natural disasters changed the course of the Indus River which prevented cities from getting water and made farm land less fertile

11. Homework due Wed. 1/25
1. Complete the Early Civilizations chart for Ancient Egypt Civilization and Indus River Civilization
2. Read textbook p and answer questions#1-8 in your notebook.