Diabetes Mellitus

Table of Content What does Insulin? What is diabetes mellitus? An die Tafel: Insulin is a hormone that controls and lowers the level of blood sugar. Metabolic disease: Stoffwechselkrankheit WHO: World Health Organisation One Bread Unit describes the amount of 10-12 gram carbohydrates. What does Insulin? What is diabetes mellitus? Symptoms of Diabetes mellitus WHO-Classifications Type-1-Diabetes Type-2-Diabetes Type-3-Diabetes Type-4-Diabetes Side- and After-Effects Diabetes-Diet

What does Insulin? Enables the glucose to enter the cells glucose food blood vessel Insulin cells with Insulin digested Insulin is a hormone that enables the glucose to enter the body cells. It is like a key to open the body cells.

What is diabetes mellitus? Permanent metabolic disease Caused by a lack of Insulin Brings forth a higher level of blood sugar glucose food blood vessel cells without Insulin digested kidney urine Perm. Metabolic diesease  caused by lack of insulin Glucose cannot be taken up  kidney filters out some (Honigsüßer Durchfluss etc) Still too much glucose in the blood  can cause death CAUSES  LATER

Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus Sugar in the urine Thirst Weight Loss Blood sugar level too high Sugar in the urine  much urine excretion  thirst (urine tasting etc) No insulin  no glucose taken up  too much sugar in the blood ` Weight loss

WHO-Classifications Type-1 Type-2 Type-3 Type-4 caused by destruction of the Insulin-producing cells Further classificated as Type-1a and Type-1b Type-2 Caused by Insulin immunity Type-3 Caused by other diseases or damaging Type-4 Occurs while pregnancy WHO-Classification since 1998 Differ in causes and treatments  Details  nächste folien

Type-1-Diabetes “Childhood Diabetes” Cause: Insulin-producing cells are destroyed… Type-1a …by the immune system Type-1b …for unknown reasons Therapy: Injecting Insulin under the skin Type 1: Starts during early childhood insulin producing (beta-)cells (pancreas) are destroyed… a) … by the immune System b) … for unknown reasons Therapy: Inject Insulin under the skin

Type-2-Diabetes “Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus” Cause: Insulin immunity caused by: Overweight Lack of movement Genetic Conditions Therapy: Doing sports, dieting and medicines Type-2 Diabetes: concerns elderly people starts because cells get slowly insensible for Insulin because of…(oben) pancreas (Bauchspeicheldrüse) has to produce more Insulin couldn’t produce so much level of blood sugar cannot be controlled any more Therapy: doing sports or diets and take medicines Easy treatment

Type-3-Diabetes Cause: Caused by several other reasons: Type-3a, genetic damages of the Beta-Cells Type-3b, genetic damages of the Insulin-Secretion Type-3c, ill or destroyed pancreas Type-3d, hormonal distortions Type-3e, chemicals or medicines Type-3f, infections Type-3g, abnormal forms of Type-1-Diabetes Type-3h, other diabetes-related genetic Syndromes Caused by several abnormal reasons which seldom occur like … (oben)

Type-4-Diabetes “Pregnancy Diabetes” Cause: In pregnancy more glucose must be released Sometimes pancreas cannot produce enough Insulin Therapy: easiest: waiting Diets, injections Type 4-Diabetes: caused by pregnancy body releases more glucose pancreas should produce more Insulin if (overweight, wrong nutrition, high age (over 30))  pancreas can’t produce enough Insulin Treatment: Diets or injections of insulin during pregnancy disappears after it automatically

Side- and Aftereffects High blood pressure Retinopathy Neuropathy Heart attacks Diabetic foot Mikro- and Makroangiopathy Diabetes has several side and after effects Those cause death!

The Diabetes-Diet To get rid of Diabetes Bread Units in carbohydrate-tables Example: Overweighted person: 13 BU Slice of toast: 1 BU Glass of milk: 1 BU - to get rid of Diabetes should eat 60% carbohydrates, 15% protein and 25% fat not overweighted person with Diabetes can eat also sweets, but not too much. have to look for “Bread Units” look in carbohydrate-tables how much they can eat per day and meal and how much Bread Units the food has Example: overweighted person with Diabetes2: can eat 13 Bread Units per day split to 5 BUs in the morning, 5 BUs in the noon and 3 BUs in the evening slice of toast: 1 BU, glass of milk 1 BU so the person can eat 3 slices of toast and drink 2 glasses of milk for breakfast normal weighted person with Diabetes1 needs 18-22 Bread Units.

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