Year 8 geography Population.

Population growth The world population reached 1 billion in around 1804 and 2 billion by 1927 By 2010 the world population had reached almost 7 billion and is expected to grow to 9 billion by 2050. Around 90% of all these people will live in countries currently considered as developing

What causes population growth? BIRTHS DEATHS MIGRATION births - deaths = natural rate of population growth

Birth rates Birth rate = births per 1,000 people in a population World average = 19 What has caused birth rates to fall in many developed and rapidly developing countries? Living standards are rising There is increased use of contraception There is increased female employment People are marrying later in life Highest birth rates (40 or more births per 1,000) Niger, Uganda, Mali, Zambia, Burkino Faso, Ethiopia, Angola, Somalia, Burundi Lowest birth rates (Less than 9 births per 1,000) Czech Republic, Austria, South Korea, Singapore, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Monaco Why are birth rates high in many less-developed countries? Living standards are poor There are high child mortality rates Custom and religion prevent contraception

Death rates Death rate = deaths per 1,000 people in a population World average = 9 Highest death rates (15 or more deaths per 1,000) Angola, Afghanistan, South Africa, Nigeria, Russia, Ukraine, Chad, Guinea-Bissou, Lesotho, Central African Republic Factors that affect death rates are: living standards quality and availability of health care natural disasters and wars Lowest death rates (Less than 3 deaths per 1,000) Sint Maarten, Jordan, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates

The structure of populations Age and sex distribution Occupational distribution Geographic distribution

Age and sex distribution Low death rate High death rate High birth rate and falling child mortality as health care improves Low birth rate Source: U.S. Census Bureau Dependency ratios rising due to ageing population Dependency ratios rising due to increasing numbers of children In 2010, 11% of the world population was over 60. It is expected to reach 22%, or 2 billion people, by 2050. One in every three people in developed countries will be over 65 by this time.

The world’s oldest and youngest