1. Review What is the current world population?
Why is Physiological density a better way of calculating population statistics than ‘regular’ arithmetic density?
Why does Canada have a low agricultural density?
List the 10 largest countries (in terms of population)
Review

2. 10 most populous countries (2014)
China
India
USA
Indonesia
Brazil
Pakistan
Nigeria
Bangladesh
Russia
Japan
*Highest density of top 10 **Only declining country of top 10
10 most populous countries (2014)

3. Where has the world’s population increased?

4. Measures of Population Change
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
Total # of births/year for every 1000 people
Ranges 5-50 (high 30+)
Crude Death Rate (CDR) or Mortality Rate
Total # of deaths/year for every 1000 people
Ranges 1-28
In 1994, CDRs for LDCs dropped below MDCs & have remained lower ever since
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
% in which a population grows in a year CDR-CBR
Excludes migration
Ranges (-0.1)-3.4
Population Growth Rate (PGR)
NIR & NMR (impact of migration)
Measures of Population Change

5. World Population Growth 1950–2000
Fig. 2-6: Total world population increased from 2.5 to 6 billion in this half century. The natural increase rate peaked in the early 1960s and has declined since, but the number of people added each year did not peak until 1990.

6. Natural Increase World NIR = 1.3% All-time peak was in 1963 = 2.2%
Small changes in NIR = BIG impacts
Doubling time: # of years it takes to double a population
Rule of 70/72 (divide 70/72 by NIR)
Almost 100% of NI is in LDCs
Africa (Sub-Saharan), Asia, Latin America & Middle East (NIR +2%)
Correlation between high NIR rates & low status of women…..why???
Natural Increase

7. NIR Example Country A has a BR of 22/1000
Country A has a DR of 12/1000
NIR = 10/1000 or 1%
NIR Example

8. Natural Increase Rates
Fig. 2-7: The natural increase rate (NIR) is the percentage growth or decline in the population of a country per year (not including net migration). Countries in Africa and Southwest Asia have the highest current rates, while Russia and some European countries have negative rates.

9. Total Fertility Rate (TFR): ave
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): ave. # of children a woman will have in her child-bearing yrs (15-49)
Since 1960, ave. TFR in LDCs has fallen from 6.0 to 2.9 (largest decline in L.A. & Asia) *more rapid than expected
World average = 2.4
20 years ago = 3.8
SS Africa = 6+
MDCs = 1.6
20 years ago = 2.0
Fertility

11. Mortality Life Expectancy: # of yrs a newborn can expect to live
Largely influenced by IMRs
Women live longer than men
70+ in MDCs & as little as late- 30s in SS Africa
mainly due to AIDS; Botswana/Zimbabwe
Japan has the highest LE
Can change quickly
Males in USSR dropped from 68 to 62 following collapse of communism and now in Russia for males it’s 58
Mortality

12. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): # of babies under 1 yr that die annually compared to live births
Reflect overall health of a society
10% in LDCs, less than 5% in MDCs
Higher in USA than in Canada/most of Europe
Leading cause of death; diarrhea & malnutrition
Lowest rates (under 3/1000) in Japan, Singapore & Sweden
Highest rates (125/1000+) in Sierra Leone & Afghanistan (1 in every 8)
Large differences within countries (race)
Mortality cont’d..

13. Life Expectancy at birth
Fig. 2-11: Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live. The highest life expectancies are generally in the wealthiest countries, and the lowest in the poorest countries.

14. South Asia Most important geographic region to pop. Growth
India (PGR 1.3)to overtake China in coming years (PGR 0.4)
Sri Lanka (21 million) only country with growth rate lower than world average in this region
Pakistan & Bangladesh have a combined pop. of 300 million
South Asia

15. Projected Growth Currently worlds most populous region is East Asia
China’s NIR has fallen below 1%
Japan’s pop. Beginning to decline
Growth between
Africa will account for +1/3, outnumbering China by 8x
India reached 1 billion in 2000, is projected to grow by an additional 50%
Europe’s pop. Is projected to ↓ by 70 million
Projected Growth

16. Do you notice any patterns???
Highest Birth Rates
Rwanda
Malawi
Yemen
Uganda
Ethiopia
Niger
Mali
Burundi
Afghanistan
Tanzania
Lowest Birth Rates
Italy (Roman Catholic?!?!)
Greece
Japan
Spain
Austria
Germany
Hungary
Denmark
Portugal
Do you notice any patterns???