Reconstruction Period following the Civil War, 1865 – 1877 Period in which the U.S. rebuilt after the war Period used to readmit the Confederate States into the Union Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Abraham Lincoln, second inaugural address With malice toward none, with charity for all… let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction Lincoln’s 10% Plan Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction Conf. pardoned except high-ranking officers – must take oath to U.S. Once 10% took oath of allegiance Conf. could form new gov. and send rep. and Sen. To Wash. Arkansas, Louisiana, Tenn, and VA complete Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Radical Republicans Opposition Led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner Wanted to destroy political power of white slaveholders Believed that African-Americans should be given full citizenship and the right to vote Wade-Davis Bill: 1. Congress should be in charge of Reconstruction 2. Majority of the population would have to take oath to the Union Killed by Lincoln by a pocket veto Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Presidential Reconstruction Andrew Johnson’s Plan Presidential Reconstruction Declare secession illegal Swear allegiance to the Union Ratify the 13th Amendment ** no high-ranking Conf. officer or plantation owner could take the oath ** All states left, except Texas held conventions, drew up a Constitution and elected Congressmen Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Solutions for Johnson’s Weaknesses Freedmen’s Bureau and Civil Rights Act of 1866 – were established over Johnson’s veto Freedmen’s Bureau – assisted former slaves and poor whites in the south with food, clothing, legal aid and education Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Solutions for Johnson’s Weaknesses Civil Rights Act of 1866 – gave African-Americans citizenship and forbid Black Codes Fourteenth Amendment – passed = constitutional basis for the Civil Rights Act; made “all persons born or naturalized in the United States” citizens of the United States – Johnson advised all southern states to reject; not passed until 1868 Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Black Codes Severely restricted African Americans lives Tried to restore many restrictions of slavery Prohibited blacks from - carrying a weapon - serving on juries - testifying against whites - marrying whites - starting their own businesses - traveling w/ out permits - in some states, could not rent or lease land Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Radical Republicans take Control Won 2/3rs of majority in Congress in elections of 1866 Congress would now control reconstruction Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Reconstruction Act of 1867 1. 10 former Conf. states split into 5 military districts under control of Union general = Military reconstruction Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Southern Military Districts, 1867 Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Reconstruction Act of 1867 10 former Conf. states split into 5 military districts under control of Union general = Military reconstruction All qualified voters – including African-Americans – would elect voters to write a new state Constitution Constitution must grant African-American men the right to vote and ratify the 14th Amendment ** Tennessee does not have to follow ** Johnson vetoed but Congress overrode veto Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Military Reconstruction Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Johnson Impeached Tenure of Office Act = Pres. May not remove a member of cabinet during the term of the Pres. In which he was appointed. Sec. of War = Edwin Stanton One vote short of being removed Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Election of 1868 Ulysses Grant won because of the black southern vote = African-Americans solidly Republican 15th Amendment = right to vote for African-Americans Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Physically Rebuilding the South Sherman destroyed $100 million 1/5th of southern white men – killed in the war Rep. government rebuilt the south Scalawags – Southerns who joined the Republican Party Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved to the South after the war Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Reconstruction – Economic Progress Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Life for African-Americans in the South Right to vote Reunited with families Chance to travel Education Church No land No job No money Few skills except farming Goal 3 - Reconstruction

African-Americans involvement in Politics Hiram Revels – first African-American Senator = Mississippi 16 African-Americans elected to Congress Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Progress in the South Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Sharecropping and Tenant Farming Sharecropping – Farmer farmed land owned by someone else = cycle of poverty Tenant Farming – rent land from someone else; you have your own tools and supplies Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Reconstruction Collapses Violence - Ku Klux Klan * Used violence to dis- courage blacks from voting * Prevented economic & political advancement Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Election of 1872 Radical Republicans = President Grant Liberal Republicans & = Horace Greeley Democrats Grant won Republican unity breaks down more Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Scandals in the Grant Administration - Credit Mobilier – construction co. skimmed off profit from government RR contract - Whiskey Ring – tax collectors accepted bribes from Whiskey distillers to avoid paying taxes. Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Democrats “Redeem” the South Dem. take back gov. in many southern states = redemption Election of 1876 = Compromise of 1877 Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Election of 1876 = Compromise of 1877 Republican = Rutherford B. Hayes Democrats = Samuel J. Tilden Results of Election - Popular vote = Tilden - Commission to decide election = Rep. majority - Election given to Hayes Why????? Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Compromise of 1877 Republicans = Hayes is President = North Democrats = Home Rule = end of military reconstruction = South Goal 3 - Reconstruction

Goal 3 - Reconstruction