Unit 11 = World War I & Its Aftermath (1914-1919) Open your Textbook: pg. 676. 2. Open your notebook to a clean page and title it: Unit 11 = World War I & Its Aftermath (1914-1919)

The “Main” Causes of World War I Explanation   Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

Nationalism Nationalism: having pride in your country, willing to defend it! Many rivalries between countries developed. Ex: Alsace and Lorraine  territory that was constantly fought over by France and Germany.

Aggressive Nationalism

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe (a tiny spark might lead to an explosion)

Imperialism Imperialism: trying to build up an empire (where a powerful country controls several less powerful countries). Remember the map of the ‘Scramble for Africa’!! There was a competition for colonies.

Economic & Imperial Rivalries Most of the world up to this point had been divided up amongst the European powers!

Militarism Militarism: building up armed forces, getting ready for war. (Consider = countries with factories) Arms race (who has the most weapons!) Expanded armies and navies increased suspicions.

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, Britain, Russia] in millions of £s. 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 What do you notice about the millions of pounds spent per year above?? 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73% Which countries are spending the most amount of money on ‘defending’ themselves?? ←

Alliance System Alliance System: agreements/promises to defend and help another country. They would in theory have common enemies.

Who is helping who? Triple Entente Allied Powers Triple Alliance  Central Powers  

WWI Alliance System Triple Entente Triple Alliance France Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Turkey (Ottoman Empire) Also known as the CENTRAL POWERS France Great Britain Russia later the United States Also known as the ALLIED POWERS

The Alliance System Triple Alliance: Triple Entente: VS.

Victor Emmanuel II (Italy) Pres. Poincare (France) The Major Players: 1914-17 Central Powers: Allied Powers: Wilhelm II (Germany) George V (Britain) Victor Emmanuel II (Italy) Nicholas II (Russia) Franz Josef (Austria-Hungary) Enver Pasha (Turkey) Pres. Poincare (France)

Europe in 1914

The MAIN causes of World War I that we’ve read about were the underlying or background causes; these tensions had been building since 1900. But what was the actual “spark” that began WWI in the late summer of 1914?

Summarize what happened on June 28th, 1914 in Bosnia that sparked World War One:

A murder with millions of victims… Archduke Francis Ferdinand (he was the next in line to the throne of Austria-Hungary! It went: King, Archduke, Duke, etc.) was going to visit BOSNIA on June 28th, 1914. Serbia had gained independence, but many Serbs lived in neighboring Bosnia which was ruled by Austria-Hungary.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination! Gavrilo Princip grew up in Bosnia with his Serb parents and became a part of the terrorist group called “THE BLACK HAND”. Gavrilo Princip planned on killing the Archduke! First assassination attempt was the morning of June 28th, 1914 but it was a failure! Second attempt was later that day; he walked up to the motorcade and shot the Archduke and his wife. They both died!

The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip He died in prison.

The Assassination: Sarajevo

Consequences! Austria Hungary was MAD! They wanted to declare war on Serbia as revenge for the assassination! (A.H. vs. Serbia) BUT—Serbia’s protector (alliance system) is Russia, and they helped Serbia (A.H. vs. Serbia & Russia). Germany is Austria Hungary’s friend, so they come to their aid (A.H. & Germany vs. Serbia & Russia) ALLIANCE SYSTEM HAS BEEN ACTIVATED! WAR BEGINS!

Who is to Blame?