Imperialism in China “An individual should not have too much freedom. A nation should absolute freedom.”  ~Sun Yat-Sen

1. Why was China uninterested in Western products? (335) Pride in their Ancient Culture, looked down on foreigners. Already had everything they needed and didn’t want or need the “strange objects” and gadgets from the West.

2. How was China able to remain self-sufficient? (335) Strong Agricultural society + new crops from the west = population boom Mining, manufacturing, and raw materials.

3. How did China keep the balance of trade in their favor 3. How did China keep the balance of trade in their favor? What product changed this to favor the British? (336) Only allowed one trading port British imported millions of pounds of tea per year and paid in Silver. British began to trade then smuggle opium into China. By 1835, 12 million Chinese addicted to opium.

4. What does Emperor Lin Zexu ask Queen Victoria in China’s Response to the West? (336) If you don’t allow Opium use in England, why do you allow your merchants to bring it to China?

5. Why was Britain able to dominate the Chinese in the Opium War? (336) Steam powered gunboats and sophisticated cannons.

6. What were the two main outcomes of the Opium War? (336) Britain gains the island of Hong Kong US and other foreign citizens could now trade at five ports in China

7. What internal problems affected China during the mid-nineteenth century? (337) starvation, flooding, corruption in government, opium addiction increased

8. What was Hong Xiuquan’s vision of China? (337) All Chinese people would share China’s vast wealth and no one would live in poverty. (socialism anyone?)

9. What was the result of Taiping Rebellion? (337) Farmland destroyed, 20 million people died, internal pressure on the Chinese government, Epic Fail

10. Why did the United States declare the Open Door Policy in China To prevent China from being divided into formal colonies and protect American trading rights.

11. What changes did Emperor Guangxu try to make in 1899? (338) Overhaul the education system, strengthening the economy, modernizing the military, and streamlining the government

12. Why did the Boxer Rebellion occur? (339) Poor peasants and workers were resentful of the special privileges granted to foreigners Resented Chinese Christians, who were protected by foreign missionaries.

13. What is the main result of the Boxer Rebellion? (339) Strong sense of nationalism emerged in China

14. What was the recommendation of the Chinese officials to the Dowager Empress? (339) Restructure the government to a constitutional monarchy

15. What are the “Three Principles of the People”? (401) Nationalism- an end to foreign control People’s rights- democracy People’s livelihood- economic security for all Chinese

16. Who suffers the most during times of unrest? (401) The peasants

17. How did the Treaty of Versailles affect China? (402) Japan gained control of the territories previously controlled by Germany

18. What is the significance of the May Fourth Movement? (402) It showed the Chinese people’s commitment to the goal of establishing a strong modern nation.

19. What did the young Chinese favor instead of Western democracy Lenin’s brand of Soviet communism

20. Why did Sun Yixian become disillusioned with the West? (402) they refused to support his struggling government

21. How did Lenin aid the Chinese? (402) Sent military advisers and equipment, trained Chinese Nationalist leaders in Moscow

22. Who did Mao think could be the true revolutionaries and why? (403) Peasants, they are like raging wind and driving rain, that becomes increasingly violent. Nothing can stop them

How did China responded to imperialistic pressure from the west (mid 1800s)? The Chinese tried to block imperialism, they fought against it (Opium War), unwillingly accepted it (Treaty of Nanjing, open door policy) had internal rebellions to try to change the government (Taiping and Boxer Rebellions) turned its back on the West and adopted communism.

Why did Chinese imperial rule eventually collapse? Adoption of Communism, Civil War, Japanese invasion, Start of World War II