Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab Exercise 9 Activates 1-5 p. 97-104 Lab Exercise 10 Activities 1-2, 5-6 p. 109-114

Objectives Locate and recognize the bones of the appendicular skeleton relating the unique structure of each to its function in forming joints and providing locations for tendon and ligament attachment Identify bones both as part of a skeleton and disarticulated Observe joint models noting ligament attachment and range of movement

Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral Girdle Parts/Markings Clavicle (2) sternal end, acromial end Scapula (2) acromion process, coracoid process, glenoid fossa, spine, superior, lateral and medial borders

Appendicular Skeleton Upper Limbs Parts/Markings Humerus (2) head, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa, greater tubercle, lateral and medial epicondyles, trochlea, capitulum Radius (2) head, styloid process, radial tuberosity Ulna (2) trochlear notch, olecranon, coronoid process, styloid process, head Carpals (16) Metacarpals (10) Phalanges of digits (28) proximal, middle and distal (except thumb with just proximal and distal)

Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic girdle Parts/Markings coxal bone: composed of ilium, ischium, pubis acetabulum, iliac crest, sacroiliac joint, obturator foramen

Appendicular Skeleton Lower limbs Parts/Markings Femur (2) head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, lateral condyle, medial condyle Patella (2) Tibia (2) medial condyle, lateral condyle, medial malleolus, tibial tuberosity Fibula (2) head, lateral malleolus Tarsals (14) calcaneus, talus Metatarsals (10) Phalanges of digits (28) proximal, middle, and distal of all except phalanx I (big toe)

Joints (Articulations) Classified by structure : Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial Classified by function (movement allowed) : Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis

For Review Complete p. 105-108 #1-13 Complete p. 114 all Complete p. 115-118 #1-8

Joints (Articulations)

Synarthrosis

Amphiarthrosis

Diarthrosis

Diarthrosis (Synovial) Articulations

Demonstrate Movements of Synovial Joints Flexion-sagittal plane, decreasing the angle of the joint Extension-sagittal plane, increasing angle of the joint to anatomical position. Beyond anatomical position is termed hyperextention Abduction-frontal plane, moving a limb away for the median plane Adduction-frontal plane, moving limb toward midline

Demonstrate Movements of Synovial Joints Rotation-moving a bone around its longitudinal axis Circumduction-flexsion, extention, abduction, and adduction of a limb that moves distal end of limb in a circle Pronation-movement of palm of hand to the posterior facing position Supination-movement of the palm of the hand to the anterior facing position

Demonstrate Movements of Synovial Joints Inversion-medial turning of the sole of the foot Eversion-lateral turning of the sole of the foot Dorsiflexion-movement of the ankle joint in the dorsal direction (standing in one’s heel) Plantarflexion-movement of the ankle joint in which the toes are flexed down (toes pointed)