1. Appendicular Skeleton (126 bones)
Chapter 5
Appendicular Skeleton
(126 bones)

2. Shoulder Girdle – aka Pectoral Girdle
2 bones
Clavicle – collarbone
Attaches to manubrium and scapula
Helps form shoulder joint – holds shoulder away from thorax
Scapula – shoulder blades
Acromion – joins clavicle at acromioclavicular joint
Coracoid process – anchors muscles
Glenoid cavity – socket for humerus

3. Only directly connected to axial skeleton at sternoclavicular joint
Allow for easy scapula movement – but is easily dislocated

4. Upper Limb Arm – humerus Head – joins scapula at glenoid cavity
Greater/lesser tubercles – muscle attachment
Deltoid tuberosity – ½ way down – deltoid attachment
Trochlea and capitulum –
join forearm
Coronoid and olecranon
fossas – allow elbow
movement

5. Forearm Radius Ulna Connected by interosseous membrane
Lateral – on thumb side with palm out
Head joins capitulum
Radial tuberosity – bicep attachment
Ulna
Medial – on little finger
side with palm out
Coronoid and olecranon
processes surround
trochlea
Connected by
interosseous membrane
Styloid process on distal
end of both

6. Hand
Carpals – carpus (wrist) – 2 irregular rows of 4 bones each
Metacarpals – palm - #1-5 from thumb
Phalanges – fingers – 14 bones
3 in fingers, 2 in thumbs

7. Pelvic Girdle 2 coxal bones – aka ossa coxae – hip bones
When combined with sacrum and coccyx = pelvis
Attach securely to axial skeleton
Bear weight of upper body
Protect reproductive organs, bladder, large intestines

8. Formed from 3 fused bones
Ilium
Connects to sacrum at sacroiliac
joint
Upper edge – iliac crest
Ischium
Inferior (bottom) portion
Ischial tuberosity – receives
weight when sitting
Pubis – pubic bone
Pubic symphysis – cartilaginous
anterior joint btw the pubic bones –
forms pubic arch
All 3 fuse at acetabulum –
socket for femur

9. 2 regions
False pelvis – medial to flaring portions of ilia
True pelvis – inferior to ilia – surrounded by bone
Male and female slightly differ
Female is adapted for childbirth

10. Lower Limbs Thigh – femur
Greater/lesser trochanters – muscle attachment
Joins hips at acetabulum – held tightly
Lateral and medial condyles – join tibia
Separated by intercondylar fossa
Patellar surface – joint w/ patella

11. Leg
Tibia – shinbone – medial
Medial and lateral condyles join femur
Separated by intercondylar eminence
Tibial tuberosity – patellar ligament joins
Medial malleolus – inner bulge of ankle
Fibula – very thin
Lateral malleolus – outer bulge of ankle

12. Foot
Tarsals – tarsus – 7 bones
Posterior ½ of foot
Weight carried by 2 largest
Calcaneus – heelbone
Talus – btw tibia
and calcaneus
Metatarsals – sole – 5 bones
Phalanges – toes – 14 bones
Toes have 3 each, big toe has 2