Southern Colonies Chapter 3, Lesson 4 EQ: How did geography, religion, and government affect how people in the English colonies lived?

Define Vocabulary: Chapter 3, Lesson 4 (pg. 79) indentured servants constitution debtor indigo estate

Compare and Contrast: Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies Turn to page 77—and look at the Map of the Middle Colonies. Then turn to page 73—and look at the Map of the New England Colonies. What similarities and differences do you see? Draw a Venn Diagram and show the differences and similarities. Write 4-5 sentence paragraph.

Indentured Servants Indentured servant – a laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America. Worked for no pay in exchange for passage to America They signed a contract with their master, but were freed once the contract was fulfilled 5

Richard Frethorne’s Letter to his Parents Indentured Servants Contract Advertisement for Indentured Servants

Slaves Were Africans, or were descendants of Africans Worked for no pay after being brought to America against their will Had little or no chance of gaining their freedom Slaves

The First Arrival of Slaves 1619 in Jamestown English used them as workers on tobacco plantations By 1660, slavery as we know it was established in Virginia

Origins of the Slave Trade Shortage of labor in the Americas led to the Atlantic Slave trade Europeans needed workers on sugar, tobacco plantations. Most slaves came from West Africa http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery/videos/origins-of-slavery http://www.slate.com/articles/life/the_history_of_american_slavery/2015/06/animated_interactive_of_the_history_of_the_atlantic_slave_trade.html

Triangular Trade Captured Africans became part of network of trade called the triangular trade. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znwRJ5K85XI First Leg—carried American raw products to Europe Second leg of triangle— ships carrying European goods to Africa to be exchanged for slaves Third leg (Middle Passage)— brought Africans to Americas to be sold.

Activity: Compare and Contrast Not all people who came to work in the colonies did so by choice. African rulers sold prisoners of war to European slave traders who, in turn, sent them to America. Many others came as indentured servants. Slaves Indentured Servants

Southern Colonies Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Virginia

Characteristics of Southern Colonies s.colonies Characteristics of Southern Colonies Indentured servants Slaves to work the large plantations Had fertile soil Grew rice, tobacco and cotton

Maryland (1634) Colony given to Lord Baltimore, but his son Lord Baltimore the Second takes over. A“safe place” for Catholics who were persecuted in England. Lord Baltimore 2nd gives large estates—large area of land— to rich English nobles. He declares Maryland a haven of religious tolerance for all Christians—soon Protestants moved in. The founding of Maryland: The founding of the Church of England as the nation’s official church made life difficult for Roman Catholics living there. Some English Catholics were influential. George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, converted to Catholicism, and it ended his career. He wanted land in America, as a haven for Catholics and for personal wealth. Calvert founded a settlement in Canada, but it was too cold for him. He tried to move to Jamestown, but was banned because of his religion. He asked King Charles for land around Chesapeake Bay. Calvert died before the land was granted, but his son received the rights and founded Maryland. Because of clashes between Catholics and Protestants, the Toleration Act was passed to protect the right of all Christians to practice their religion in Maryland. Photo: Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore. Cecil Calvert (1606-1675) was George Calvert's son and heir. In 1632, Cecil became the second Baron of Baltimore and the first Lord of Proprietary of both Avalon and Maryland. From Justin Winsor, ed., Narrative and Critical History of America: English Explorations and Settlements in North America 1497-1689, Vol. III (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company, 1884) 546.

Catholics vs. Protestants vs. Protestants Protestants outnumbered Catholics—to protect the Catholics Acts of Toleration (1649) These acts will be unsuccessful. King takes over Maryland—a “royal” colony. Maryland becomes a Protestant colony and Catholics are persecuted.

The Carolinas Charles II gave a huge tract of land to south of Virginia 8 nobles in 1663. This land became North and South Carolina.

The Carolinas Split in Two Both Carolinas had fertile land Rice and Indigo - Rice—required much labor, thus the demand for slavery increase. -Indigo—a blue plant used to make dye to color cloth was grown in the Carolinas. Was co-owned by eight men Gave themselves large estates Some people had to pay to bring in boatloads of settlers. Southern Carolina Had a port in Charles Town Had prosperous estates of aristocrats Plantation owners from West Indies moved there with their enslaved Africans. Northern Carolina settlers were small farmers without slaves. They did not have a good harbor. Although slavery had existed in Virginia since 1619, the settlers from Barbados were the first Englishmen in the New World who had seen widespread slavery at work.

North Carolina (1663) Settlers from Virginia moved in to NC. Grew tobacco and sold timber. Established small, self-sufficient tobacco farms Had fewer large plantations and less reliance on slavery

South Carolina (1663) Had a great harbor and farmers used their ports. Charlestown was the largest harbor. Had larger plantations—especially large rice plantations.

Georgia (1732) James Oglethorpe wanted debtors, or those who had debt, to have a new start in life instead of going to prison. He and 20 other trustees received a charter to settle Georgia. British hoped that Georgia would block any Spanish attack from Florida. Georgia’s population included former debtors, but mainly many poor people from Britain. By 1770 nearly half of the population was made of enslaved Africans. Ogelthorpe was a humanitarian and member of English Parliament The trustees governed but did not own land or expect a profit. In 1733 he founded city of Savannah, Georgia, with a boatload of colonists.

CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner Virginia---1607 Jamestown Joint Stock Company Virginia Company Captain John Smith John Rolfe Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish colonists Representative Govt House of Burgesses Royal Colony Maryland--1634 Lord Baltimore Religious toleration—those who believed in Christ---allowed persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland Representative govt Proprietary Colony North/South Carolina In 1663 8 English nobles Setup a new colony based upon social classes…Failed and divided into 2 parts Georgia—1732 James Oglethorpe Provide a place for debtors could start a new life---Acted as a buffer against Spanish Florida

Meanwhile in Virginia—Moving West Virginia settlers (freed indentured servants) moved West—onto Native American lands. Governor Berkley of Virginia promises the Native Americans that he will stop settlers from moving West. He wanted to prevent a war between the colonists and Native Americans.

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Was an armed rebellion by Virginia  settlers led by Nathanial Bacon against the rule of Governor Berkley. Nathanial Bacon was a planter living in western Virginia—he refuses to follow the Governor Berkeley’s orders to stay out of Native American lands. He and many colonists rebelled against the Virginia Government and burn down the capital.

Nathanial Bacon and Slavery Bacon’s rebellion makes the government of Virginia look for other sources of labor—indentured servants cause too much trouble. They decide to bring in slaves—after all this form of “laborers” you never have to free. African slavery increases! More Africans are brought to America.