The American Civil War

Causes Economic differences between North and South Slavery Amount of power from the federal government

A Divided Nation Comparing Northern and Southern Societies North had triple the population of the South More money 90% of American industry and railroads were in the North Most other countries recognized the Union as the government in America South had 9 million people but 3 million were slaves Average Southerner not as wealthy as average Northerner Fewer immigrants

The Leaders Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis 16th president Opposed expansion of slavery Led Union during Civil War President of Confederate States of America Not veryeffective as President Had served as US Secretary of War (and as a senator and Representative)

Strategies Blockade the South to stop trade Defensive strategy North | Anaconda Plan South | King Cotton Diplomacy Blockade the South to stop trade Control the Mississippi River Divide and isolate sections of the South Defensive strategy Try to ally with Britain and France, must show the Confederacy is strong Attack Union territory to draw Union troops out of the South

The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Issued by Lincoln Granted freedom to all slaves from states that were in rebellion against the union Slaves from union-supporting border states were not granted freedom Confederacy claimed Lincoln could not issue laws for states of which he didn’t have control Video

The Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 After the Battle of Gettysburg Union victory, General Lee from the Confederacy was forced to retreat Nearly 5,000 killed and 18,000 wounded or missing Lincoln arrived to dedicate the battlefield to the fallen soldiers of the war He never said the words, “slavery”, “confederate” or “union” He emphasized healing and working toward the ideals found in the Declaration of Independence

The Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 272 words, yet considered one of the greatest speeches in American History Here’s why: https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=BvA0J_2ZpIQ

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 Lee surrendered his army The Confederate army was significantly diminished Grant allowed the southerners to return home with their horses as a sign of respect All confederate troops had surrendered by April 26 General Lee surrendered his Confederate army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on April 9, 1865. Lee’s army had diminished, which contributed to Union General Grant’s many victories near the end of the war. In a sign of respect, Grant allowed Lee to keep his saber and horse. General Joseph Johnston was the last Confederate general who continued to fight. He still believed that the South could win the war. Johnston’s troops eventually fell to federal troops, and he surrendered to General Sherman on April 26, 1865.

Assassination of Lincoln April 14, 1865 Lincoln was attending a play at Ford’s Theatre in DC Shot in the back of the head by John Wilkes Booth Booth was a loyal Confederate He thought if he killed Lincoln the South could triumph Video President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at the end of the Civil War. He was killed on April 14, 1865, while attending a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., with his wife and two other people. Lincoln was watching Our American Cousin when John Wilkes Booth shot him in the back of the head. Booth was a loyal Confederate, and he thought the Confederacy could triumph if Lincoln were dead. Booth jumped off the balcony and broke his ankle, but managed to escape the theater. Lincoln died of his fatal wound the next morning.

Legacy of the War Bloodiest war in US history More than 600,000 killed Led to the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments Abolished slavery Established the supremacy of the federal government Video The Civil War was the bloodiest war in American history. It has been referred to as “The War Between the States,” “The Brother’s War,” and the “War of Northern Aggression.” More than 600,000 Americans lost their lives, and countless others were wounded severely. The Civil War led to passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth , and Fifteen Amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments outlawed slavery, granted African Americans United States citizenship, and granted African-American males the right to vote. Although equal treatment under the law for African Americans would not be enforced until almost a hundred years later, the Civil War abolished slavery and established the supremacy of the federal government.