The Rwandan Genocide

We are learning to… Describe what genocide is Explain the consequences of genocide Understand why many Western countries did not intervene in the conflict

Did I… Write a description of genocide Discuss civil war and genocide in a group Complete a film report on “Hotel Rwanda”

What is genocide? In your groups try to come up with a definition of genocide You have studied genocide before… What period of time do you think it is? Genocide – killing a specific group of people because of what they believe in or where they are from.

Other definitions

Starter What do you think happened to this person? http://www.green.tv/vso_rwanda?set_location=en What do you think happened to this person? Why do you this might have happened to him?

The Rwandan Genocide 100 Days of Slaughter April 6, 1994-July 18, 1994 How did the genocide in Rwanda happen? The Rwandan Genocide 100 Days of Slaughter April 6, 1994-July 18, 1994

Hutu and Tutsi Differences The Tutsi are one of three native peoples of the nations of Rwanda and Burundi in central Africa. The Hutu are a Central African ethnic group, living mainly in Rwanda and Burundi. They both speak the same language and have the same customs but….. Tutsis had a history of having more power

Population (estimated): Historically the Tutsis ruled Rwanda and the Hutus were employed as servants. After WW1 the Belgian government took control of Rwanda. The Belgians introduced Identity Cards for all Hutus and Tutsis. The Belgians enforced the idea of differences between Hutus and Tutsis to try and maintain the power balance. Population (estimated): 85% Hutu 15% Tutsi In 1959 the Hutus overthrew the governing Tutsis and killed roughly 150, 000. Many Tutsis fled to neighbouring countries like Burundi. Rwanda has a history of violence between the Hutus and Tutsis

The Tutsi exiles formed a rebel group known as the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). The RFP began a civil war in 1990. At the same time, Rwanda began to suffer political and economic problems. This made tensions between the Hutus and Tutsis even worse.

The Rwandan Genocide Massacre of an estimated 800,000 – 1,071,000 ethnic Tutsis & moderate Hutus carried out by two Hutu extremist groups The killings lasted about 100 days in 1994 The United Nations had little response to the genocide

Hotel Rwanda

Hotel Rwanda The movie is based on the true events that took place during the genocidal violence that erupted in Rwanda in 1994 The central character is Paul Rusesabagina, a Hutu who managed a four-star in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda

Hotel Rwanda - Key Terms/Groups Moderate Hutus – Hutus who do not support divisions between the Hutu and Tutsis. Hutu extremist – Hutus who believe that the Tutsis should be killed. Tutsis – ethnic minority group in Rwanda who previously controlled the government. Interhamwe – Hutu militia group; responsible for most of the killings in Rwanda. Rebels/ Rwandan Patriotic Front – Tutsi led militia; protect Tutsis and moderate Hutus.

Hotel Rwanda – Key Characters Paul Rusesabagina = Manager of the Hotel Milles Collines; a moderate Hutu Colonel Oliver = The commander of the UN Peacekeeping Force in Rwanda. Based on Roméo Dallaire Tatiana Rusesabagina = Paul’s wife and former nurse. Mother of 3 children with Paul. Tutsi. General Bizimungu = Head of the Rwandan Armed Forces. Hutu.

George Rutugandu = Kigali businessman and leader of the Interhamwe militia group. Hutu extremist. Gregoire = works at the Milles Collines. Hutu, supports the Interhamwe Dube = works at the Milles Collines. Tutsi. Jack and David = journalists working for the BBC.

What are the UN Peacekeepers allowed/not allowed to do? During the film who will have to take detailed notes as you will be completing a FILM REPORT afterwards. What are the UN Peacekeepers allowed/not allowed to do? Why do the Hutus and Tutsis not get along? Why are the journalists not allowed to help the Rwandans? Who does Paul turn to for help? Do the United Nations do enough to protect the people? Any other important moments in the film

How did Genocide begin? 2 Presidents killed Started with a plane crash (April 6, 1994) 2 Presidents killed Juvenal Habyarimana (Rwanda) Cyprian Ntayamira (Burundi)

The Beginning Hutu extremists are considered responsible for the crash President of Rwanda was about to sign a Peace Accord The extremists disapproved

The killings begin The same night of the plane crash The Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR) and Hutu militia begin killing Tutsis Hutu moderates

Why do you think Machetes were the weapon of choice? The killings Begin Roadblocks set up to capture Tutsis and Hutu moderates Machetes are the weapon of choice for killings Why do you think Machetes were the weapon of choice?

What role did the U.N. play? Fails to intervene Only allowed to “monitor” the situation

The killing of Belgian soldiers 10 Belgian soldiers who work for the United Nations Guarding the Hutu prime minister at his home Hutu radicals kill him and the Belgian soldiers

Did any nations try to help Rwanda? United Nations (U.N) Ten Belgians killed immediately Forces (mostly) withdrawn, 4/20/94 United States Denial Non-cooperation Africa No force to get involved

How did the genocide end? Ended with a rebel victory by Tutsis Rwandan Patriotic Army chase out FAR Genocide ended with their victory Estimated 800,000 people killed

Who was affected by the genocide? When did it happen? Where did it happen? The 5 W’s Who does Paul turn to for help? What impact did it have? Why did it happen? Who was affected by the genocide?

Hotel Rwanda Film Report We are learning to… Describe the key events of the Rwandan Genocide I can… Create a detailed Film report based on Hotel Rwanda Your report must contain information on: Background info on Rwanda Who was involved in the events of Hotel Rwanda Why the fighting occurred Key groups during the civil war When the events took place What happened in the hotel What happened outside the hotel How Paul helped the refugees in the hotel How Paul used his business connections to try and save people’s lives Why the United Nations Peacekeepers were limited Film Reports - Are Organised Written in full sentences and paragraphs Contain Key points Contain facts/ figures/ statistics Are colourful and interesting to look at

Plenary How can we stop genocide happening again? discuss

We are learning to… Describe what genocide is Explain the consequences of genocide Understand why many Western countries did not intervene in the conflict

I can… Write a description of genocide Discuss civil war and genocide in a group Complete a film report on “Hotel Rwanda”