1. Rwanda
100 Days of Genocide

2. Genocide
Genocide is a term defined as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such:
Killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within a group; and forcibly transferring children of the group to another group

3. Rwanda Genocide
The Rwandan genocide was the systematic massacre of an estimated 1,000,000 Tutsi tribe members and moderate Hutus in Rwanda
The killing was mostly carried out by two extremist Hutu militia groups, Interahamwe and the Impuzamugambi
The massacre lasted approximately 100 days from April to mid-July, 1994

4. Rwandan Genocide Cont.
The genocide began with Tutsi individuals and families being taken from their homes and killed in secret locations.
Then it grew into mass killings in central locations like schools and churches.
Eventually the slaughter spread everywhere, and people were being hacked to death in the streets.

5. Rwanda-History 3 tribes of people that inhabit Rwanda
Twa, the original inhabitants
Hutus, migrated in 1000 A.D.
Tutsi, migrated in the 14th or 15th century

6. Rwanda-History (Continued)
The Tutsis tribe of people gained a large dominance over the Hutus
By the late 18th century, a single Tutsi-ruled state occupied most of the present day Rwanda
The rule was headed by a Tutsi King who controlled the land and gave power over the regions to the Tutsi groups
The Tutsis, in turn, dominated the Hutus, who had the majority of the population-The population of Rwanda was :
75% Hutu
20% Tutsi
5% Twa

7. Rwanda Under Belgian Rule
During WW1 (1916), Belgian forces occupied Rwanda
In 1919 it became part of the Belgian League of Nations
Before the Belgian rule, Hutus and Tutsis lived together as neighbors
When the Belgians took power in Rwanda, they gave political power to the Tutsis
Tutsis were considered to have Caucasian ancestry (through lighter skin, larger skulls) and therefore were ‘superior’ to Hutus

8. Rwanda Divided
One of the major contributing factors to the split of ethnic groups was the creation of group classification on ID cards in 1933
The Belgian government introduced a rigid racial concept of group identity where it had not previously existed-the ID cards now stated if the individual was Twa, Hutu or Tutsi
Another important factor was the repeated decision by the Rwandan Government (after independence in 1962) to retain the group classifications on ID cards

9. Tutsi Superiority Myth
The Belgians gave the majority of political control to the Tutsis
Tutsis began to believe the myth of their superior racial status and exploited their power over the Hutu majority
Created a resentment of the Tutsis by the Hutu people

10. Rwanda
In 1990, Rwanda was invaded from Uganda by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), made up mainly of Tutsi refugees. The invasion was unsuccessful, but the president of Rwanda agreed to share the power of the country
In 1993, a power-sharing agreement was signed between Hutus and Tutsis

11. Rwanda 1994
In April 1994, the president of Rwanda and the president of Burundi were killed in a suspicious plane crash
Civil strife erupted on a massive scale
Rwandan soldiers and Hutu gangs slaughtered an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 people, mostly Tutsis and moderate Hutus

12. Rwanda Today Rwanda is struggling to heal and rebuild
It is showing signs of rapid development
Many Hutu members have returned to Rwanda
The government has promoted reconciliation and economic development

13. Images From Rwanda
The follow set of slides show images from Rwanda and the Rwandan Genocide.
Some of these images show how beautiful Rwanda and its people are.
Other images, some graphic and disturbing, show the unspeakable violence and horror of genocide.

14. Rwanda is in Central Africa

22. Machetes – Tools of Genocide