India Mt. Everest-highest mountain in World Indian Ocean Arabian Sea

In the beginning: 3000 B.C. 1st Civilization started along rivers The flooding river = fertile soil 1st Civilization declined because of flooding and earthquakes

1500-400 B.C Aryans (2 PGS) Arrived in northern India Extended family lived together and the oldest male was in charge Only sons could inherit property Young wealthy boys had a guru (teacher) until they went to school Could not marry until you completed 12 years of school (90% of marriages arranged-still this way today) Divorce was not allowed but if your wife could not have children you could have 2 wives.

Cattle was a prized possession Sanskrit-written form of their language Aryans groups were divided into tribes and each tribe had it’s own RAJA = prince They would burn dead bodies (cremated) when a wealthy man died the wife was suppose to throw herself into the burning flame and if she did not she would be shamed (ignored) for the rest of her life 1st plumbing indoors ! ! ! !

Unskilled workers/ servants Caste System determined whom you would marry, what kind of job you would have, and whom you could hang out with Priests _____ Warrior & Rulers __________ Common People ______________ Unskilled workers/ servants __________________ Untouchables

Hinduism 3rd largest religion in the World Believed that dieties controlled forces of nature Brahman was their universal spirit Believed in reincarnation & that you would have many lives before you were united with Brahman Dharma-if you did your duty & you were happy about doing it, then this would help you to be reincarnated into a better caste system Karma-if you were good then good things would happen and if you were bad then bad things would happen to you

Buddhism 600 B.C. Ordinary Hindus wanted a simpler life. They also felt that Hindu priest were more concerned about their temples /ceremonies then peoples needs Prince Siddhartha Gautama-had everything (wealthy,looks, beautiful wife, son). One day he left the palace & saw suffering all around him. He wanted to find out how his peoples suffering could be cured. Meditated for 49 days and almost died Finally, he learned that if you gave up worldly possessions (fame, money) sorrow would vanish Spent 40 yrs. traveling and sharing his teachings Prince Siddhartha is known as Buddha that means enlighted one Dalai Lama-leader who headed the government, people believed he was Buddha reincarnated

Prince Siddhartha Guatama A.K.A Buddha

Empires of India 500 B.C. Persia 327 B.C. Alexander the Great 321 B.C. Maurya Dynasty (empire) No one specific ruler for 500 years 320 A.D. Gupta Dynasty

Maurya Dynasty (2 pgs) Good Government Good Army Had spies to avoid rebellion Set up postal system Asoka the warrior

King Asoka Asoka was a warrior who hated blood shed. He dedicated his life to PEACE and to the following of Buddha beliefs Set up hospitals for people and animals Built roads with shades area where people could rest Built Stupas - shrines Sent Buddhist teachers all over India to teach beliefs Very prosperous when King Asoka died his empire grew very weak

Gupta Dynasty Grew Wealthy from trade. Traded with China and other countries They were Hindu’s Golden Age for Arts and Learning Pilgrims are people who use trade routes to travel to religious shrines Contributions Astronomy Set bones/ performed operations gold coins & metal mirrors Math infinity and zero

BONUS QUESTION Who used cuneiform for a form of writing?