2.  You are going to draw a map of India by hand on a sheet of typing paper.  Use pg. 195 in the book as a model.  label the following items:  Arabian Sea  Indian Ocean  Deccan Plateau  Ganges Plain  Himalaya mountains  Karakoram Range  Ganges River  Indus River  30N, Tropic of Cancer, 10N  Label Rivers in blue and color mountains brown.  Draw a compass with the cardinal directions

5. I. Geography A. Subcontinent: large land mass; part of continent, but separate B. Himalayan Mtns.: northern India; highest mtns. In world C. Two River Valleys 1. Ganges: flows from Himalayas to Indian Ocean 2. Indus: flows into Arabian Sea D. Deccan plateau below river valleys

6. II. Civilization A. 1 st in the Indus R. Valley: Harappa or Indus 1. farmers: rice, wheat, barley, peas, cotton 2. no written records, no weapons found in ruins B. Aryans from central Asia 1. herders – became farmers, good warriors a. pepper, ginger, cinnamon, wheat, barley 2. settled Indus river valley, expanded to Deccan Plateau 3. Organized into tribes led by a Raja 4. Brought written language called Sanskrit

7. III. Caste System A. Caste – social group born into 1. Cannot change 2. determines job, who you marry, people you socialize with B. Four Castes (varnas) 1. Brahmans: priests 2. Kshatriyas: warrior, rulers 3. Vaisyas: common people – farmers/merchants 4. Sudras: unskilled labor/workers, few rights, biggest caste population C. Pariahs do not belong to a caste – “untouchables” collected trash, skinned animals, handled dead bodies IV. Family Life A. Only men are educated or become priests. B. Grandparents, parents, kids live together C. Wealthy families had a guru who taught the boys

8. I. Hinduism A. 3 rd largest religion in world B. Polytheistic (actually thousands of gods and goddesses) C. Gods part of universal spirit called Brahman A. Every living being has a soul that wants to unite with Brahman after death D. Person must pass through many lives (reincarnation) to be united with Brahman – E. Being a good person gets you good Kharma 1. must fulfill your Dharma or duties of your station in life – farmer, priest, etc. F. Good Kharma = closer to Brahman in the next life G. Bad Kharma = further from Brahman in next life

10. II. Buddhism A. founded by Siddhartha Gautama 1. born in Nepal to wealthy family 2. saw beggars and sick beyond palace walls – wondered “Why do people suffer and how can their suffering be cured?” 3. Fasted and meditated until he saw a great light and had the answer. 4. Taught his lessons to people about life and the nature of suffering. 5. Became known as Buddha “Enlightened One”

11.  B. Buddha believed world was not real – everything is an illusion (trees, grass, poverty, sickness).  C. Buddha says only way to find truth is to give up all desires.  D. By giving up all worldly desires (fame, money) poverty and hunger would vanish.  E. If a person gives up all worldly desires the reach nirvana – a state of wisdom.  Buddha does not accept varna/caste system.

12.  1. life is full of suffering  2. People suffer because they desire worldly things.  3. End suffering by stopping desire for things.  4. Way to stop desiring things is the eightfold path.

13.  1. know the Four Noble Truths  2. Give up worldly things/do not harm others  3. Tell the truth, don’t gossip  4. Don’t kill, steal, live uncleanly  5. Do rewarding work  6. Word for good, oppose evil  7. keep senses under control  8. Practice meditation to understand reality

14.  Therevada Buddhism – “teachings of elders,” Buddha is not a god.  Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos  Mahayana Buddhism – Buddha is a god  Tibet: Theocracy – religious leaders head government  Dalai Lama: headed government  Panchen Lama: headed religion  Both believed to be reincarnation of Buddha

15.  I. Mauryan Dynasty  A. Dynasty = series of rulers from same family  B. Founded by Chandragupta Maurya  C. Alexander the Great’s invasion = Indian kingdoms weak  1. Maurya seized opportunity to conquer/unite them  E. Centralized government – capital = Pataliputra  F. Strong communications system, postal service.

17.  II. Asoka – ruled Mauryan dynasty from 273 – 232 B.C.  A. Mauryan dynasty’s greatest ruler.  B. Became Buddhist, devoted life to peace  1. Built hospitals (people and animals), roads, and roadside shelters.  2. Sent Buddhist teachers throughout India  3. Built dome-shaped stupas – Buddhist shrines

18.  Founded by another man named Chandragupta.  Empire was wealthy from trade  Owned gold and silver mines  Guptas were Hindu and built many shrines  Gupta empire was golden age of Indian art and culture.

20. I. Songs and literature  A. Vedas: Hymns and prayers for religious ceremonies  B. Epics: Mahabharata & Ramayana  1. Mahabharata: longest poem in any written language II. Science & Math A. Arybhata: one of 1 st scientists to use algebra B. Indians developed concept of “zero.” C. Created symbols for 1 through 9. D. invented algorithm F. 1 st to come up with idea of atoms G. Doctors set broken bones and performed surgery