1. World History
Chapter Three
India & China
(3000 B.C. – A.D. 500)

2. River Valley Civilizations

3. Objectives
1. Explain how geography influenced the development in India & China 2. Identify characteristics of these civilizations

4. Objectives
3. Explain political & social structures in these countries 4. Describe the role of religion 5. List the contributions of each civilization

5. III. The Arrival of the Aryans
Floods, earthquakes & climate change weakened the civilization
Arrival of the Aryans brought it to an end

6. A. Who Were the Aryans? Around 1500 B.C.
Aryans, A group of Indo-European nomadic peoples, who came out of central Asia
moved across the Hindu Kush mountain range
Created a new Indian society based on Aryan culture & institutions

8. B. Aryan Ways of Life
Pastoral people, with a strong warrior tradition
Became farmers, using the iron plow & irrigation
Developed irrigation systems

9. Aryan Ways of Life Had no written language
Sanskrit - the first writing system of the Aryans, developed around 1000 B.C. (p.74)
Wrote down religious rituals, legends & chants

10. Sanskrit

11. Aryan Ways of Life
Rajas - An Aryan leader or prince (p.74)
Carved out small states & fought one another

12. IV. Society in Ancient India
Set of social institutions & class divisions

13. A. The Caste System Aryans social institutions & class divisions
Caste system – a set of rigid categories in ancient India that determined a person’s occupation & economic potential as well as his or her position in society, based partly on skin color (p.75)

14. The Caste System
Caste – on of the five major divisions of Indian classes in ancient times
1. Brahmans, priest class
2. Kshatriyas, warriors

15. The Caste System
3. Vaisyas, commoners
4. Sudras, peasants (darker-skinned natives)
5. Untouchables, trash collector & morticians (5%) of population

16. The Caste System

17. B. The Family in Ancient India
Basic unit of Indian society
Extended family
Patriarchal

18. The Family in Ancient India
Ritual of suttee
Required a wife to throw herself on her dead husband’s flaming funeral pyre

19. V. Hinduism
Hinduism – the major Indian religion system, which had its origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryans who settled in India after 1500 B.C. (p.77)
Vedas, collection of hymns & religious ceremonies

20. VI. Buddhism
Buddhism – a religious doctrine introduced in northern India in the Sixth century B.C. by Siddartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, or “Enlightened One” (p.78)
Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Buddhism

21. Section Two: New Empires in India

22. I. The Mauryan Dynasty
400 B.C. Persia threatened the Dynasty
Alexander the Great invaded in 327 B.C.

24. A. The Founding of the Mauryan Dynasty
Chandragupta Maurya 324 to 301 B.C.
Highly centralized & impartial power
Provinces, ruled by governors

25. B. The Reign of Asoka
Asoka, grandson of Chandragupta Maurya
*Asoka is considered the greatest ruler in the history of India
Converted to Buddhism

27. II. The Kushan Kingdom & the Silk Road
100 B.C. founded by nomadic warriors, in Afghanistan
Prospered on trade
Silk Road – a route between the Roman Empire & China, so called because silk was China’s most valuable product (p. 83)

28. The Kushan Kingdom & the Silk Road
Stretched from the city of Changan in China to Antioch a port city in Syria on the Mediterranean Sea

30. III. The Kingdom of the Guptas
Chandragupta & son Samudragupta
Dominate political force in northern India

32. The Kingdom of the Guptas
Faxian, a Chinese Buddhist monk spent years in northern India
The Gupta Empire actively engaged in trade with China, Southeast Asia & the Mediterranean
Mines of gold, silver

33. Caves
Prince Gautama

34. IV. The World of Indian Culture
Literature, architecture and Science

35. A. Literature: A Lasting Legacy
Vedas, earliest known Indian literature
Epic poems: Mahabharata & Ramayana
Recount deeds of great warriors

37. Literature: A Lasting Legacy
Most famous poem, Bhagavad Gita
The Ramayana was an account of the fictional ruler Rama
Kalidasa most famous Indian author
The Cloud Messenger

38. B. Architecture
The pillar, marked sites pertinent to the Buddha’s life
The stupa, burial mounds & held relics
The rock chamber, carved out of mountainsides

39. stupa

40. http://images. encarta. msn

41. C. Science Astronomy Aryabhata, the most famous mathematician
*Created Algebra
Devised a decimal system of counting in tens
Introduced the concept of zero