New Information - Groups

X Metals have the following properties : Properties of Metals They conduct electrical energy well They conduct thermal energy well They are shiny They are malleable (can be hammered into shape) They are ductile (can be drawn out into wires) They are sonorous (make a ringing sound when hit) All except mercury are solids at room temperature Only a few metals are magnetic. Magnetism is not a property of most metals! X

Properties of Non-Metals Non-metals have the following properties : They are poor conductors of electrical energy They are poor conductors of thermal energy Many of them are gases They are brittle if they are solid Both a diamond and a pencil ‘lead’ are made of the same element – carbon.

New Information - Periods

The Alkali Metals Potassium Sodium Lithium Rubidium Francium Caesium

How does electron structure affect reactivity? The reactivity of alkali metals increases going down the group. Li The atoms of each element get larger going down the group. Na This means that the outer shell electron gets further away from the nucleus and is shielded by more electron shells. increase in reactivity The further an electron is from the positive nucleus, the easier it can be lost in reactions. K

Completing equations of reaction with water 2M(s) + 2H2O(l)  2MOH (aq) + H2(g) alkali metal + water  alkali metal + hydrogen hydroxide