1. Characteristics of Elements
Unit 3.4

2. The 3 Types of Elements: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

3. Metals I. Metals- good conductors of heat & electricity
Most elements are metals
All but one (Mercury, Hg) are solid at room temperature.
Lustrous- reflect light (shiny)
Malleable- formed into shapes
Ductile- drawn into wires

4. Groups of Metals Group 1: Alkali Metals: 1 Valence Electron
Group 2: Alkali-Earth Metals: 2 Valence Electrons
Groups 3-12 or 1B-8B: Transition Metals
often form colored compounds, # of Valence Electrons change or transition (it gets very complicated )
Copper (Cu) Copper Sulfate (CuSO4)

5. Nonmetals
II. Nonmetals- gases or brittle (easily broken) solids at room temperature.
not malleable or ductile.
do not conduct heat or electricity well
not shiny
Some are Diatomic- an element that consists of two atoms bonded together in nature
Examples: (label these on your periodic table)
H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2

6. Groups of Nonmetals Group 7: Halogens: 7 valence electrons
These are all diatomic molecules and are very colorful
Fluorine gas Chlorine gas Bromine gas Iodine Gas

7. Groups of Nonmetals Group 8: Noble gases: 8 valence electrons
(except Helium, it only has 2)
Don’t make compounds naturally because their valence electron level is full (we’ll talk more about this next unit)

8. Metalloid Metalloid-properties of both metals and nonmetals
Metalloids are also called Semiconductors- element that conducts electric current under certain conditions

9. Allotropes Allotrope- same element with different forms and properties
Examples: Diamond and Graphite: both made of Carbon
Diamond (C)
Each carbon atom bonded to 4 others
Form an interconnected network.
Strongest mineral
Clear
Graphite (C)
Each carbon atom bonded 3 others
Form layers that slide past each other
“Lead” in pencils
Soft mineral
Gray

10. Which of these atomic structures is diamond?