1. Metals and Non Metals

3. Metals Good conductors of heat and electricity.
They are all solids at room temperature except mercury.
Most of them can be hammered into different shapes (malleable) and drawn into wires (ductile).
Metals have a shiny appearance.

4. Group 1 Alkali Metals soft metals
cut with a knife to give a shiny surface.
have low density – Li, Na, K float on water.
very reactive metals & stored under paraffin oil.
reactivity increases down the group.
alkali metals react vigorously with water to give hydroxides and hydrogen.

5. Group 1 Alkali Metals
Lithium is used in batteries since they are powerful and lightweight
Sodium is used in street lamps and nuclear reactors
Potassium is essential for the healthy growth of plants

6. Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
harder metals.
have higher density compared to Group 1.
less reactive than Group 1.
reactivity increases down the group.
they react with oxygen when heated to give the oxides.

7. Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
Magnesium is used in rescue flares
and fireworks.
Calcium carbonate is present in limestone, marble or chalk.
Barium sulphate which is insoluble is used in barium meals. A patient takes it so that their digestive system will show up on X-ray.

8. Transition Metals less reactive than Group 1 and 2. hard and dense.
good conductors of heat and electricity.
High mpts, bpts (very strong metallic bond)
have coloured ions except for zinc.

9. Non Metals Poor conductors of electricity and heat.
Usually have low melting points
(11 of them are gases and 1 is a liquid at room temperature).
Brittle
Dull appearance.

10. Group 7 Halogens low mpts & bpts. fluorine is a pale yellow green gas
chlorine is a greenish- yellow gas
bromine is dark red orange liquid
iodine is dark grey crystalline solid.

11. Group 7 Halogens Fluorine is the most reactive of all non-metals
Teflon is a fluorine compound
used in non-stick lining on pans
Most toothpaste contain fluoride to prevent tooth decay

12. Group 7 Halogens Chlorine: kills bacteria in swimming pools
Bromine is used in pesticides
and to make medicine.
Iodine is an antiseptic.

13. Group O Noble gases colourless gases. exists as separate atoms.
found in the Earth’s atmosphere.
have low mpts and bpts .

14. Page 64 Metals Non Metals Appearance Shiny Dull State at r. t.
Solids except Hg
Solids/liquids/gases
Conductivity
Good conductors
Poor conductors
Strength
Strong
Weak
Density
High
Low
Melting point

15. Group O Noble gases Helium is used in air ships.
Argon is used in light bulbs. It won’t react with the tungsten filament.
Neon glows red in low pressure tubes
when high voltage is applied.
Krypton is used in lasers to
repair the retina behind the eye.

16. Isotopes Look at the following chlorine atoms 3517Cl 3717Cl
What is the difference between them?

17. Isotopes 3517Cl 3717Cl Electrons 17 17 Protons 17 17
Neutrons 35 – 17 = – 17 = 20

18. Isotopes
Therefore, isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

19. Page 65
Isotope Protons Neutrons Electrons
126 C
146 C 6 6 6 6 8 6

20. Page 66 Isotope Protons Neutrons Electrons 3517Cl 17 18 3717Cl 20
7935Br 35 44
8135Br 46
168O 8
188O 10
126C 6
136C 7
146C

21. Page 66 Isotope Protons Neutrons Electrons 2612Mg 12 14 2512Mg 13
11H 1
21H
31H 2

22. Class work Page 68 Carbon atom Hydrogen atom carbon hydrogen
Number of protons 6 1
Number of neutrons
Number of electrons
Electronic configuration
2,4

23. Class work Sodium atom Fluorine atom F Na Sodium Fluorine
Number of protons 11 9
Number of neutrons 12 10
Number of electrons
Electronic configuration
2,8,1
2,7

24. Question 6 The statements below are about metals and non-metals.
Circle which is true or false
All metals conduct electricity. True
All metals are solid at room temperature. False
Non-metals are good conductors of electricity. False
Non-metals are solids, liquids or gases at room temperature. True
Most metals are brittle and break when hammered. False
Most metals are ductile. True
There are many more metals than non-metals in the periodic table True

25. Question 7 The element Boron exists as 2 different isotopes.
10 5B B
Natural Boron contains about: 20% Boron – 10 and 80% Boron – 11
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element having same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
Using the two isotopes of Boron as an example explain how the atoms are different from each other.
Boron-10 has 5 protons and electrons and neutrons, Boron-11 has 5 protons and electrons but 6 neutrons.

26. Page 70 question 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6

27. Property
Name of element
the lightest element
Hydrogen
a noble gas which is found in tungsten bulbs
Argon
the element with proton number 5
boron
the element with 6 electrons in its atoms
Carbon
an element with 6 outer shell electrons and is a yellow solid
sulphur
the most reactive alkali metal
Caesium
the least reactive alkali metal
Lithium

28. the most reactive halogen
Fluorine
a group 3 metal which is used in cans
Aluminium
an alkaline earth metal which is used in distress flares
Magnesium
a red-brown transition metal
Copper
a Group 5 non-metal which is found in the atmosphere
Nitrogen
a metal that is magnetic
Iron
a colourless gas used to fill weather balloons and airships
Helium
a metal that is so reactive it has to be stored under oil
Potassium
a greenish yellow poisonous gas.
Chlorine