The life cycle of a moss (Bryophyta) Mature sporophytes Young sporophyte Male gametophyte Raindrop Sperm Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Antheridia Female gametophyte Egg Archegonia FERTILIZATION (within archegonium) Zygote Archegonium Embryo Female gametophytes Gametophore Foot Capsule (sporangium) Seta Peristome Spores Protonemata “Bud” MEIOSIS Sporangium Calyptra Capsule with peristome (LM) Rhizoid Mature sporophytes Spores develop into threadlike protonemata. 1 2 3 4 8 6 5 7 Figure 29.8

Bryophyte diversity Figure 29.9 LIVERWORTS (PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA) HORNWORTS (PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHYTA) MOSSES (PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA) Gametophore of female gametophyte Foot Sporangium Seta 500 µm Sporophyte Gametophyte Figure 29.9

The life cycle of a fern Figure 29.12 1 2 3 Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Antheridium Spore Young gametophyte MEIOSIS Sporangium Archegonium Sperm Mature sporophyte Egg New sporophyte Zygote Sporangium FERTILIZATION Sorus 6 4 Gametophyte Fiddlehead 5 Figure 29.12

Seedless vascular plants LYCOPHYTES (PHYLUM LYCOPHYTA) PTEROPHYTES (PHYLUM PTEROPHYTA) WHISK FERNS AND RELATIVES HORSETAILS FERNS A quillwort A spike moss A club moss Strobili (clusters of sporophylls) Vegetative stem Strobilus on fertile stem Figure 29.14