1. Plant Diversity II – Ch. 29 Lecture Objectives
1.Intro to Seedless Vascular Plants
2. Divisions Lycophyta and Monilophyta

2. Bryophytes Ruled the Land for 100 million years……..until the
Seedless Vascular Plants

3. Similarities & Differences between Bryophytes and Seedless Vascular Plants
Dominant generation = Sporophyte
Branched Sporangia
Vascular Tissues
Xylem
Phloem
Increase in height
Primary & secondary growth
Organs
Leaves, stems, and roots
Cuticle
Alternation of Generations
Stomata
Dependent upon water for reproduction

4. Seedless vascular plant adaptations
Branched Sporangia
Vascular Tissues
Xylem
Phloem

5. Seedless vascular plant adaptations con’t.
Leaves
Sporophyll  modified leaf w/ sporangia
Sori
Strobili
Homosporous
Single spore type  bisexual gametophyte
Heterosporous
Megasporangium
Megaspore  female gametophyte
Microsporangium
Microspore  male gametophyte
Microphyll
Megaphyll

6. Seedless
Vascular
Plants
Lycophyta
Monilophyta

7. Division Lycophyta - the Lycophytes
Quillwort
- heterosporous
Spike “Moss” Club “Moss” (heterosporous) (homosporous)
Lycopodium sp.
* Epiphytic * Microphylls

8. D: Lycophyta con’t. - life cycle

9. Division Monilophyta Ferns Horsetails Whisk Ferns
Equisetum sp Psilotum sp.

10. Division Monilophyta - the ferns
- Underside of frond/megaphyll note sori (mostly homosporous)
Fiddle Head - sporophyte
- gametophyte

11. Fern Life cycle Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Spore (n)
Figure 29.11
Fern Life cycle
Key
Haploid (n) Diploid (2n)
Spore (n)
Young gametophyte
Antheridium
Spore dispersal
MEIOSIS
Rhizoid
Underside of mature gametophyte (n)
Sporangium
Sperm
New sporophyte
Sporangium
Archegonium
Mature sporophyte (2n)
Egg
Zygote (2n)
Figure The life cycle of a fern
FERTILIZATION
Sorus
Gametophyte
Fiddlehead (young leaf)

12. D: Monilophyta con’t. The Horsetails Equisetum sp. “Scouring Rush”
Separate vegetative & reproductive stems
Homosprous
Air canals
Rings of small leaves

13. D: Monilophyta con’t. The Whisk Ferns
Note dichotomous branching stems  no roots
3 fused sporangia  yellow knobs
homosporous

14. Importance of seedless vascular plants
Increased growth & photosynthesis 
removed CO2 from the atmosphere
contributed to global cooling at the end of the Carboniferous period
The decaying plants of these Carboniferous forests eventually became coal