Nutrient Needs

Nutrition The study of how your body uses the food you eat.

Malnutrition Poor nutrition over an extended period of time. Body does not get what it needs from food Body does not have the nutrients it needs for energy, growth, repair and the regulation of various body processes.

So what do we eat? Food is made up of Nutrients….. a chemical found in foods, critical to human growth and function. Nutrients… Supply energy Help build cells and tissues Regulate body processes

Malnutrition Causes overweight and underweight health situations Delays or inhibits growth and development as well as resistance to diseases in children Affects teenage girls in childbearing years Severely affects unborn child in pregnant women Affects your health and life span

Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water

Carbohydrates #1 ENERGY source Mainly from plant sources Whole grain—important for fiber Fiber –non digestible 20 – 35 g/day (age + 5) Two types---simple and complex 4 Calories/gram All must get broken down into simple sugars for the body to absorb Glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose, starch, cellulose

Fats Promote healthy skin and cell growth Saturated fats  raise LDL Unsaturated fats  may lower cholesterol Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated fats Hydrogenation—Crisco Trans fatty acids—partially hydrogenated oils 9 calories/gram Energy source– transport nutrients (fat sol. Vit) Excess stored as fat in the body Cholesterol—LDL , HDL a fat like substance Adds flavor to foods

Protein The chemical building blocks of the body needed for growth, maintenance and repair of tissues. Repair body tissues, immune system 1/5 of entire body weight Excess stored as fat Chains of amino acids—22 needed 9 essential Complete proteins–animal source and soy Incomplete proteins—missing 1 key amino acid Kwashiorkor—deficiency 4 calories/gram

Vitamins Keep body tissues healthy and help systems function properly Fat soluble—ADEK Water soluble—C, B Organic A—vision—beta carotene—dark green leafy and yellow/orange D—calcium absorption—sunshine vitamin—fortified milk rickets E– antioxidant, clear skin nuts and oils, green leafy veggies K—clotting of the blood green leafy veggie, daily, egg yolks C—immune system—ascorbic acid, maintain healthy bones, teeth, iron absorption, antioxidant scurvy B—in all grains— Niacin—b3 nervous system and carbs to energy pellagra Riboflavin b2 carbs to energy Thiamin b1 carbs to energy, nervous system beri beri Folate—birth defects, builds red blood cells with b12 green leafy veggies, grains

Minerals Macro and micro minerals (trace elements) Inorganic Calcium-bone growth , osteoporosis Phosphorus-with calcium, build body cells Sodium, chlorine, potassium-osmosis-fluid balance Iron-carries oxygen in blood Zinc-body heals, growth of tissues Fluorine-strengthens teeth-water Iodine-bodies use of energy-Iodized salt

Water Critical to survival 60% of your body (80% of blood) Needed in most chemical reactions in body Hydration Temperature control of the body Weight 3-8=new needs in glasses/day Sources—water, juices, milk, fruit, soup etc..