The Civil Rights Movement

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Presentation transcript:

The Civil Rights Movement 1945-1975 18.1= Early Demands for Equality

Biggest issue= Segregation

NAACP & Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, KS 1950s, National Association for Advancement of Colored People focused on challenging segregation Challenge led by Thurgood Marshall Notable cases: Sweatt v. Painter McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents

Brown v. Board of Education Notable case that challenged a public school district’s policy of segregation, challenged “separate but equal” policy Thurgood Marshall led the case against Topeka, KS Marshall won the case, segregated schools deemed illegal by the Supreme Court

Little Rock, Arkansas 1957= Site of conflict over Brown v. Board of Education case 9 African-Americans attempted to enroll in Central High School, met at doors of school by mob of angry white residents/students Eisenhower had the National Guard guard/escort students for over a year

Montgomery, Alabama Bus Boycott Began with arrest of Rosa Parks on December 1, 1955 Led to organized boycott by Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. chosen to address the MIA, urged non-violent protest 1956= SC ruled that Montgomery’s segregation policy on buses was unconstitutional King & other ministers created the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLU); urged non-violent resistance to fight injustice

The Civil Rights Movement 1945-1975 18.2= Movement Gains Ground

Student Activism 1960= 1st sit-in took place in North Carolina, spread to other parts of the American south Took place in southern restaurants, which refused to serve African-Americans Student Ella Baker formed Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Goal= Grass-roots movement that involved all classes of African-Americans

Freedom Riders Spring of 1961= Organized by CORE, African-Americans rode on two buses through the Deep South to defy segregation laws

Freedom Rides Very dangerous, riders attacked & buses burned by southern whites Led president of the time, John F. Kennedy, to support the Riders & intervene

Protests/Conflicts Intensify; 1962-1963 September, 1962= James Meredith, attempted to enroll at “Ole Miss” Due to NAACP, Meredith won a federal court case that ordered the University of Miss. To desegregate Governor of Miss., wanted to prevent the desegregation of the school September 30= Full-scale riot developed due to rumors of Meredith’s arrival; 160 hurt & 2 killed

Protests/Conflicts Intensify Spring of 1963= MLK & SCLC choose Birmingham, AL for major civil rights campaign Began with sit-ins & marches, MLK participated & was arrested Protests continued, until city decided to use police dogs & fire hoses on protesters Led to President JFK to address the nation, calling civil rights a “moral issue”

March on Washington August 28, 1963= Over 200,000 supporters of civil rights arrived in Washington D.C Highlight= MLK’s “I Have a Dream Speech”

Civil Rights Act of 1964