Introduction to Psychology

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Psychology Historical Figures

René Descartes  Abraham Maslow 1. Complete the following notecards (you will have 20 minutes): René Descartes  Abraham Maslow (cards 1-15) 2. Find a way to group the cards that will help you remember them. 3. Discussion and review game to follow.

Hippocrates (460 BC-370 BC) Greek physician, traditionally regarded as the father of medicine. Believed mind/soul resides in brain, but has no physical substance First known proponent of mind-body dualism The mind and body are separate entities

Plato (Approx. 427 BC-348 BC) Also believed in dualism. Who we are and what we know are innate (inborn). Some knowledge not obtainable simply by observing the physical world.

Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC) Student of Plato. Believed that the mind/soul results from anatomy and physiological processes Monoism: The mind and body are not separate. Reality best studied by observation. Who we are and what we know are derived from experience/physical world.

René Descartes (1596-1650) Defended mind-body dualism. Physical world subject to observable laws and rules. World and creatures are machines. Humans are the exception because we have minds.

John Locke (1632-1704) Believed mind a body are one (like Aristotle) Knowledge comes from observation and experience. We are born as blank slates (tabula rasa)

Dorthea Dix (1802-1887) American activist on behalf of the mentally insane (terminology used at the time). Lobbied Congress to create first generation of mental asylums.

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Father of Psychology Founded first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879 School of structuralism Used introspection

Edward Titchener(1867-1927) Student of Wilhelm Wundt School of structuralism Used introspection

Structuralism Focused on identifying the structural elements of the human mind (what it’s made up of): Sensations Feelings Images

Introspection Method used by structuralists (created by Wundt and Titchener) to discover the structures of the mind. Involves looking inward and reporting what you see, experience, and feel when exposed to certain stimuli. What are your immediate sensations, your images, your feelings?

G. Stanley Hall (1846-1924) American psychologist Set up lab employing introspection Helped found American Psychological Association

William James (1842-1910) Wrote first psychology textbook called Principles of Psychology School of functionalism

Functionalism Focused on how the mind works and how psychological findings can be applied to real-life situations. The goal was to explain behavior.

Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) First female to complete all PhD requirements at Harvard Was denied degree because of gender First female president of the American Psychological Association

Margaret Floy Washburn (1871-1939) First female to earn PhD in psychology Second female president of the American Psychological Association

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Established school of psychoanalysis Believed unconscious thoughts and early childhood experiences influence behavior.

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Pioneered the study of learning Conducted learning experiments with dogs

John B. Watson (1878-1958) Established the school of Behaviorism

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) Behaviorist Conducted behavior research using punishment and reinforcement

Carl Rogers (1902-1987) One of the leading humanistic psychologists

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) One of the leading humanistic psychologists Believed human needs were arranged in a hierarchy