Goal 3 The Civil War 1861-1865

The Union vs. The Confederate States of America The Union (USA) Location: Color of Uniform: President: Capital: Commander(s): * GOAL: The Confederate States of America (The Confederacy) Location: Color of Uniform President: Capital: Commander: GOAL:

The Union vs. The Confederate States of America The Union (USA) The North Blue President: Abraham Lincoln Capital: Washington, DC Commander(s): George McClellan; Ulysses S. Grant * GOAL: preserve the Union The Confederate States of America (The Confederacy) The South Grey President: Jefferson Davis Capital: Richmond, Va. Commander: Robert E. Lee GOAL: preserve states’ rights

Advantages Southern Advantages Confederate Northern Advantages Union Profits from “King Cotton” provided money for the war effort. Great military leaders & a strong military tradition Fight a defensive was on familiar grounds Soldiers fighting for a “cause” who were highly motivated (survival) Northern Advantages Union Larger population so more fighting power (22 million) Resources such as coal and iron Manufactures and labor to produce war goods More food production Establish Navy Extensive railroad system to transport goods and troops Lincoln was a skilled leader.

Anaconda Plan The Union (General Winfield Scott) devised a three part plan to conquer the South: Blockade Southern ports so the South could not export or import; Control the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in half; Sought to isolate and divide the Confederacy to capture the capital at Richmond, Va.

Major Battles Ft. Sumter – First Bull Run – Shiloh- Antietam Gettysburg – Vicksburg- Appomattox Date, winner of battle, what did winner gain for each battle. You can create a chart or paragraph

Starter

William T. Sherman May – December, 1864 “March to the Sea” Union commander that believed in total war Tennessee –Georgia Marched through the South destroying everything in his path in an effort to break the will of the South Railroad tracks, buildings, bridges, private homes

Map of Sherman’s March to the Sea

The Gettysburg Address Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. ETC……………………………

Appomattox Courthouse On April 9, 1865, Southern General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. This effectively ended the Civil War

Slavery as a War Aim Slavery did not become a war aim until 1863. The Union feared that Britain would join on the side of the South if they did not include abolition as a war aim. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued as a military decree freeing all slaves in rebelling territories. No slave was emancipated, however, until the end of the war with the passage of the 13th Amendment. Abolished slavery in the United States

54th Massachusetts Regiment An all-African American regiment that was formed in Massachusetts The 54th earned respect for its discipline and courage in battle. Congressional Metal of Honor This battle was the subject of the movie Glory.

Clara Barton

Mathew Brady’s Photographs

War Casualties What inferences can you make by studying the graph? # of Men Engaged # of Casualties Civil War 2,213,363 643,392 Spanish American War 306,760 4,108 WWI 4,734,991 320,518 WWII 16,112,566 176,245 Korean War 5,720,000 157,530 Vietnam War 8,744,000 211,438 What inferences can you make by studying the graph? Why did so may soldiers die in the Civil War?