Plant Structures Roots, Stems, and Leaves

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Presentation transcript:

Plant Structures Roots, Stems, and Leaves Chapter 23

23-3 Stems Stem Structure Essential part of transport system Produce leaves, branches, and flowers Hold leaves up Transport substance between roots and leaves Essential part of transport system Function in storage and photosynthesis

23-3 Stems Xylem and phloem – major tubule systems Transport water and nutrients Composed of three tissue layers Contain nodes – attachment for leaves Internodes – regions between the nodes Buds – undeveloped tissue

23-3 Stems Stem Types Monocot – vascular bundles are scattered throughout Distinct epidermis Dicot – vascular tissue arranged in a cylinder Pith – parenchyma cells inside the ring

23-3 Stems Stem Growth Primary growth – new cells produced at the root tips and shoots Increases the length Secondary growth – increase in stem width Vascular cambium – produces tissue and increases thickness Cork cambium – produces outer covering of stems

23-3 Stems Formation of Vascular Cambium Xylem and phloem bundles present intially Secondary growth initiates production of a thin layer The vascular cambium divides Produces new xylem and phloem

23-3 Stems Formation of wood Wood – layers of exlem Produced year after year Results from the older xylem not conducting water – heartwood Becomes darker with age Sapwood – surrounds heartwood