1. KEY CONCEPT Roots and stems form the support system of vascular plants.

2. Roots anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil.
Roots provide many functions.
support the plant
absorb, transport, and store nutrients
root hairs help absorption

3. There are several parts of a root. root cap covers the tip

4. There are several parts of a root. root cap covers the tip
apical meristem is an area of growth
apical meristem

5. There are several parts of a root. root cap covers the tip
apical meristem is an area of growth
vascular cylinder contains xylem and phloem
vascular cylinder

6. There are two main types of roots.
Fibrous root systems have fine branches.
Taproot systems have one main root.
Fibrous root
Taproot

7. Stems support plants, transport materials, and provide storage.
Stems have many functions.
support leaves and flowers
house most of the vascular system
store water
Baobab trees
Cactus

8. Stems support plants, transport materials, and provide storage.
Stems have many functions.
support leaves and flowers
house most of the vascular system
store water
grow underground for storage
Ginger rhizomes
Potato tubers

9. Stems support plants, transport materials, and provide storage.
Stems have many functions.
support leaves and flowers
house most of the vascular system
store water
grow underground for storage
form new plants
Strawberry stolons

10. Some stems are herbaceous and conduct photosynthesis.

11. Some stems can be woody, and form protective bark.

12. Primary growth increases a plant’s length.
Secondary growth increases a plant’s width.

13. Tree rings help determine the age of a tree.
heartwood
bands
bark
one year of growth
sapwood

14. Root hairs anchor plants and help them absorb water and minerals by
Protecting the growing part of the root
Producing more xylem and phloem
Increasing the root’s surface area
Lengthening the tips of roots

15. Where is the vascular cylinder of a root?
Covering the tip
Just behind the root cap
In the center of the root
Inside the meristem

16. What are the two basic forms of roots?
Fibrous roots and taproots
Long taproots and short taproots
Fine-branched roots and thick-branched roots
Vascular cylinders and meristems

17. Divisions of a plant’s apical meristem cells produces
Primary growth
Secondary growth
Ring growth
Lateral meristem growth

18. What can you infer from a thick annual ring inside a thin annual ring in a tree trunk?
Low precipitation followed by high precipitation
A short ring followed by a very cold winter
secondary growth followed by primary growth
Good conditions followed by harsher conditions