The Cold War Eisenhower Years. The Cold War Eisenhower Years.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War Eisenhower Years

Vocab 32 P 335 CH 13 -Massive retaliation -Brinkmanship -Covert -Developing Nation -Military-Industrial Complex -Eisenhower Doctrine ( P 338 )

I. Background By 1952: Russia tested an Atomic Bomb + Had Eastern Europe under “Iron Curtain” Korean War - 30,000 Americans killed USA helping rebuild $$$ Japan & Europe China officially a communist country Red Scare (pt 2) - Americans very afraid of communist threat

II. Brinkmanship A) Brinkmanship - willingness to go to war to force other side to back down. On the brink of war Nuclear War threat was a favorite of Eisenhower 1953 USA had 1,000 nikes. By 1961 - 18,000 Nukes!! B) Examples: China 1954- Communist China tried to reclaim Taiwan from Nationalist occupiers. USA threatened nuclear war to protect Taiwanese ally. Egypt 1955- Troops tried to nationalize Suez Canal from British- French company. Fr/GB threatened invasion. Russia threatened rockets to Fr/GB. Eisenhower threatened Nuclear war to Russia. All calmed down.

III. Covert Operations A) Covert Operations = Secret Operations by CIA to overthrow democratically elected leaders. We believed it was necessary but knew it was illegal. Nationalize = to make private entity state owned. B) Examples: Iran - 1953 - Iranian PM nationalized oil company, ready to make deal with Russia. CIA staged riots and arranged coup to return previous king to power. Guatemala - 1954 - Arbenz Guzman elected president on platform of nationalizing lands owned by American Company (United Fruit Co.) CIA armed and trained opposing party, who then invaded and took office.

Guatemala Vid

IV. Eisenhower Doctrine A) Truman Doctrine = Stop the spread of communism through containment in Europe & Asia B) Eisenhower Doctrine = Stop spread of communism in Middle East Why??? O I L Egypt, after Suez crisis, will try to unite Jordan, Syria & Iraq into Leftist Pan-Arab state. Eisenhower will stop this trend in Lebanon, sending 5,000 marines to Beirut (capital).

V. Eisenhower Warns: Situation not looking good when Eisenhower leaving office: Castro established communist government in Cuba South Vietnam about to go to war with communist North Vietnam American Spy Plane shot down in Russia Stalin died in 1953 - his successor Nikita Khrushchev warned world of West’s goal for an Arms race. + Eisenhower, upon leaving office in 1961 - said “New Relationship developed between Military establishment & defense industry. Be on guard against influence of military Industrial complex in our democracy (= MANY WARS TO COME) Today 20% of our economy or $780 Billion goes into defense spending. Only 2% goes into education. :(

Mock Nuclear Attack Vid

Vid Atomic Bomb 1

Vid Atomic Bomb 2