Immigration to the U.S Late 1800’s Mrs. Marshall

The New Immigrant 14 million immigrants between 1860 and 1890 1890’s 50% came from eastern & southern Europe Italians, Greeks, Poles, Slavs, Romanians Many European Jews

Reasons Europeans immigrated PUSH Avoid forced military service Avoid religious persecution PULL Jobs Democratic nation

The Atlantic Voyage Difficult trip Steerage – lowest deck of ship 14 day trip Ellis Island – processing center Health, legal, mental exams

Why wasn’t I admitted? X = possible mental L = lameness CT =trachoma C = conjunctivitis S = senility H = heart X with circle around it = definite mental illness K = hernia

Immigration to the United States, 1870-1900

Ethnic Cities New York, Chicago, Milwaukee, Detroit Lived in ethnic neighborhoods Spoke native language, churches, newspapers Some learn English/adapt to culture 1/3 went back to Europe

Asian Immigration (Chinese) Crossed the Pacific Ocean Chinese immigrants settled in Western cities Worked as laborers, opened businesses Reasons to leave 430 million High unemployment Poverty Famine Gold Rush Taiping Rebellion 1850-64 1860s Central Pacific Railroad

Asian Immigration (Japanese) Increased in 1900 Left due to hardships Angel Island 1910 San Francisco, California Barracks Males,20’s,bunk beds Waited to hear @ status

Nativism More immigrants led to negative feelings from Americans Nativism – extreme dislike for immigrants and a desire to limit immigration Nativist opposed immigration b/c : Many immigrants Catholic, work for low wages, strikebreakers

Anti immigration Organizations American Protective Association Peaked with 1 million members Hated foreigners & Catholics Wanted to stop immigration Workingman’s Party of California Started by Irish immigrants Against Chinese immigration Fought for anti Chinese immigration legislation

Anti immigration legislation 1882 – Chester Arthur President Law passed to ban convicts, paupers, mentally disabled .50 tax on each new comer 1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act Banned Chinese for ten years Chinese in country can’t be citizens Act renewed in 1892, became permanent in 1902 1890-105,000; 1900-74,000 Repealed in 1943

Why so much hate towards Asians?

Tenements and the Problems of Overcrowding Tenement problems inadequate sanitation poor ventilation polluted water Urban problems poor public health juvenile crime