1. Chapter 4 Lesson 1 Notes October 21, 2013

2. Lesson 1 Notes “Old” immigrants was a term that referred to the first wave of immigration. These were immigrants who came from northern and western Europe and arrived in America prior to 1890. The “new” immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe—Serbia, Greece, Italy, Austria-Hungary, etc. More than half of the 25 million who came to America from 1865 to 1917 were “new” immigrants. Ellis Island was the tiny island that processed many of the immigrants coming from Europe. It processed about 12 million immigrants between 1892 and 1954. http://www.ellisisland.org/immexp/wseix_5_3.asp? http://www.ellisisland.org/immexp/wseix_5_3.asp

3. Notes continued Push factorsPull factors

4. Notes continued In 1850 the Taiping Rebellion caused thousands of Chinese to emigrate to the U.S. They settled mainly in western cities and took the tough jobs that Americans rejected—mining and railroad building. Because of discrimination, many Chinese opened their own businesses. The Japanese arrived mainly from 1900 to 1910. The industrial revolution in Japan drove many off their farms and toward the U.S. for new opportunities. In 1910 California opened Angel Island for Asian immigrants. The processing of Asian immigrants could take months compared to weeks on Ellis Island. http://angelisland.org/history

5. Notes continued Nativism is an extreme dislike of immigrants by native-born people. This surfaced during the Irish immigration of the 1850’s and then was concentrated on Asians, Jews, Catholics, and eastern Europeans in the late 1800’s. Many reasons can explain nativism but nothing can justify the hatred expressed by many. Resentment by unions occurred because immigrants didn’t negotiate for higher wages, accepting jobs as strikebreakers, and taking jobs no one else wanted. Catholics were disliked because many Protestants felt Catholics would take over the country and make America answer to the Pope.

6. Notes concluded The American Protective Association was founded by Henry Bowers in 1887. They vowed not to hire or vote for Irish Catholics and eventually expanded this vow to all Catholics. Denis Kearney, an Irish immigrant, organized the Workingman’s Party of California in 1870 to fight Chinese immigration. They won seats in the California legislature and pushed to stop Chinese immigration. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in 1882 by Congress. It barred all Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented those in the country from becoming citizens. The law became permanent in 1902 but was repealed in 1943. In October 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education ordered “all Chinese, Japanese, and Korean children to attend the “Oriental School.” President Roosevelt proposed a limit on Japanese immigration if the school board rescinded its segregation order. It was not a formal agreement (“Gentlemen’s Agreement”) and depended on the leaders of both countries to uphold the agreement.