Enlightenment & Revolutions Unit Napoleon Enlightenment & Revolutions Unit

Essential Question What events caused the rise and fall of Napoleon?

Crash Course https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTTvKwCylFY

Key Vocabulary Napoleon- The military genius who became ruler of France. Napoleonic Code- A system of laws for France created by Napoleon that promoted order & authority over individual rights.

Warm Up What governments were adopted by France during the French Revolution?

Military Hero Born on the island of Corsica Family were minor nobles When he was 20 years old, he became a lieutenant in the army Military successes 1793, drove British forces out of the Port of Toulon Led expedition to Egypt Disaster However, important discovery made- Rosetta Stone

Napoleon Overthrows the Directory 1799, Directory is corrupt and a failure Napoleon sets up 3 man governing board, The Consulate New Constitution is created Napoleon names himself 1st Consul 1802 becomes consul for life 1804 he became so powerful he declared himself emperor

Each step in his rise to power was legitimate Napoleon held plebiscites Ballots which voters say yes or no on an issue He was always strongly supported!

Assessment Prompt 1 How does Napoleon overthrow the Directory?

Napoleon’s Rule Stability and Order Regulated the economy, controlled prices, encouraged new industry, built roads Public schools Concordat of 1801 Made peace with Roman Catholic Church Allows religious freedom but Church still under state control Encouraged emigres to return to France Allowed peasants to retain land purchased from Church and nobles during Revolution

Napoleonic Code New Law Code Embodied Enlightenment principles Equality before the law Religious toleration Advancement based on merit He also undid reforms of the Revolution Women lost many of the rights they gained Considered minors before the law

Creation of the Grand Empire 1804-1814 Annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany He placed friends and relatives on the thrones of Europe Placed his brother on the throne of Spain Divorced his wife to marry a Hapsburg princess Allowed him to claim kinship to the ancient ruling families of Europe

Assessment Prompt 2 What contributions did Napoleon implement for France? Were all of these changes positive? Why How did Napoleon create the Grand Empire?

France versus Britain Britain was their main enemy Napoleon wanted to invade England 1805, French fleet was destroyed at the Battle of Trafalgar Napoleon instead wages an economic war through the Continental System Closed European ports to British goods Britain responds with blockade of European ports Failed to destroy Britain and hurts French economy

Peninsular War 1808-1814 Portugal defies Continental System Napoleon takes his army through Spain and removes the Spanish King in favor of his brother Joseph Spanish Guerilla fighters cause massive French losses- 300,000

Downfall of Napoleon Tsar Alexander I resigns from Continental system Napoleon responds by invading with 600,000 soldiers from France and other European countries Disaster

Assessment Prompt 3 How did Napoleon go after Britain? What is the Continental System?

To avoid Napoleon’s army, Russia retreats east and used “Scorched Earth Policy” Burned villages and crops as they went Policy left Napoleon’s army hungry and cold Famine, snow and ice defeat Napoleon

Napoleon retreats Less than 100,000 of 600,000 survived Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia defeat Napoleon Napoleon’s reputation is shattered Napoleon is forced to abdicate his thrown He is exiled to the island of Elba Louis XVIII, brother of Louis XVI, is made King

Napoleon Returns Napoleon escapes from Elba and returns to France Louis XVIII runs away March 1815 Napoleon becomes Emperor

Waterloo Defeated after only 100 days Duke of Wellington crushes the French in the Battle of Waterloo Napoleon is exiled once again, this time to St. Helena, never to return

Congress of Vienna September 1814-June 1815 Important players: Prince Metternich of Austria Czar Alexander I of Russia Lord Castlereagh of Britain

Goals of Vienna Create a long lasting Peace Restore the balance of Power to Europe Restore the ruling families that were in power before French Revolution No one nation should be strong enough the threaten the security of the other

Activity Create a timeline of the events that caused the rise and fall of Napoleon. Your timeline must include a short description of the significance of each event.

Journal Answer the EQ: What events caused the rise and fall of Napoleon Consider the following: What were three blunders that led to Napoleon’s downfall? How was Russia able to defeat Napoleon? What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna?