1. Napoleon and the end of the French revolution
Christensen 2013

2. Napoleon! French Republic created in 1792
FACTS
While in Egypt, Napoleon’s men found the Rosetta Stone and are accused of shooting off the Sphinx’s nose with a cannon!
French Republic created in 1792
France declared war on Austria and is soon fighting Britain, Netherlands, Spain, and Prussia too!
Napoleon, of Corsica, defeats British at Toulon, becomes famous, becomes a general
Goes on to defeat Austria in 1797
French Revolution over?
Invades Egypt, conquers Alexandria, but is trapped by English Navy in Egypt.

3. Becoming Emperor
FACTS
After the Monarchy, The National Assembly, The Convention, The Committee of Public Safety, The Reign of Terror, and The Directory, this is France’s 7th new government in 10 years since the beginning of the Revolution
Napoleon received no help from the government while trapped
Snuck out of Egypt (leaving his troops) and returned as a hero to France
Napoleon became one of three consuls
In 1802, he named himself consul for life, in 1804 was crowned emperor of France
MORE FACTS
At every stage of his rise to power, Napoleon held a vote of the people. They always voted to support him.

4. Napoleon Reformed France
Regulated the economy by price controls, new industries, public works, and schools
Instituted the Napoleonic Code based on enlightenment principles and Roman law
Equality before the law
Religious toleration
Merit advancement
Countries he conquered adopted his Civil Codes

5. Building an Empire
QUOTE
Napoleon: “I grew up on the field of battle, and a man such as I cares little for the life of a million men.”
Valued speed of his army and developed a separate plan for each battle
By 1810, his empire reached its height…but…
Napoleon was unable to defeat England

6. Napoleon’s Downfall
Napoleon invaded Russia in with over 600,000 troops!
Russians avoided battle, slowly retreated, burnt crops and villages as they went
Napoleon’s army was left hungry and cold
FACT
Napoleon captured Moscow, but the Russians had burnt it to the ground.

7. Napoleon started a 1,000 mile retreat home.
Winter conditions and Russian attacks reduced his army from 600,000 to only 10,000
France’s enemies saw their chance and defeated him
Napoleon abdicated his throne in 1814, is exiled
Louis XVIII, brother of Louis XVI is put on the throne.
FACTS
100 years later, another European leader would conquer Europe only to be stopped by a huge mistake…invading Russia in the winter!

8. No More Louis! Napoleon escaped, French people cheer his return
FACTS
While on St. Helena, Napoleon is guarded by 2,000 soldiers and 2 battle ships that circle the island 24 hours a day to prevent another escape.
Napoleon escaped, French people cheer his return
Napoleon reassembled the army to fight again!
June 18, 1815 Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo, Belgium
He is forced to abdicate and is exiled again, this time to St. Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean
Napoleon died on St. Helena in 1821 at age 51

9. The congress of Vienna

10. What is it?
10 months of Meetings to organize Europe after the Napoleon wars ( )
European kings sought to turn back the clock to 1789 and restore Europe’s Old Regime
Members included the “Big Four” and France
Austria
England
Prussia
Russia
France

11. Questions to be answered
Does France still exist?
Where are the borders of the countries?
What will provide stability to all of Europe? 
What governments are most appropriate for each country?
Should a multi-national governing body be formed?

12. Balance of Power Redrew the map of Europe
France surrounded by “Buffer states”
Belgium + Luxembourg + Holland = Netherlands
Prussia gets land
Austria gets land
German Confederation created

13. Long term results
Temporary suppression of democratic and nationalistic ideals
Created feelings of nationalism
International peace – no general war in Europe until World War I a hundred years later ?