1. The rise of napoleon

2. Revolution brings change
Nationalism – strong sense of pride and devotion to one’s country; people in France developed this feeling due to the revolution and war
Revolutionaries pushed for social reform – pushed for religious toleration and did away with slavery

3. Napoleon Rises to Power
Trained for military since age 9; When revolution broke out, he was a 20 year old Lt.; Won many impressive victories during the war; what was more impressive was how he hid his losses from admirers in France – did this with a network of spies and censoring the press
Moved into political realm; in 1799 he overthrew the current French government called the Directory; set up a 3 man governing board known as the Consulate and claimed himself “First Consul”
2 years later gathered enough power to call himself “Emperor of the French”
Each step to power he let people hold a plebiscite – popular vote

4. Napoleon Reforms France
Controlled prices, encouraged new industry, and built roads and canals
Made peace with Catholic Church
Helped all classes by letting peasants keep land their won in revolution, encouraging emigres to come back – had to pledge oath of loyalty
His reforms were known as Napoleonic Code – equality of all citizens; religious toleration, and abolished fuedalism

5. Napoleon builds an empire
From , he added to French Empire; was said he equaled 40,000 men on a battlefield
He annexed ( incorporated ) into his empire – Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, parts of Italy, Germany and Prussia
Controlled territories by placing friends and relatives on the throne in conquered countries
Napoleon couldn’t get to Britain because of their superior navy so he waged economic warfare through the Continental System – closed European ports to British goods; Britain blocked their ports in return; attacked each other’s ships. Britain accidently sunk a U.S. ship which started the War of 1812

6. Napoleon’s fall

7. Napoleon’s Empire faces Challenges
Nationalism works against France; conquered territories rejected France’s culture and influence
Spain and Austria were first to revolt; Guerrilla warfare – hit and run raids; France crushes them eventually
Russia was an ally, but became unhappy with Continental System; Napoleon responds by assembling army from 20 nations known as Grand Army; Napoleon invades Russia; Russia would retreat and use a “scorched-earth” policy – burned down crops and villages on their way; left French in starvation, France retreated but the journey was long and out of 600,000 troops, they only returned with 20,000

8. Napoleon Falls from Power
Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia teamed up and defeated Napoleon in the “Battle of Nations” in Leipzig
Napoleon abdicates (steps down from power) the next year and they exile him to Elba island; Louis XVIII is named King; Napoleon changes mine and escapes island and heads for Paris; Louis XVIII flees in fear
Opposing armies again assembled and defeated Napoleon for the last time in the “Battle at Waterloo”; Napoleon was again exiled to an island; this time he wouldn’t return

9. Moving on
Leaders of Europe and Russia met at the Congress of Vienna to decide what to do next; key goal was long-lasting peace; restored Church and redrew the boundaries of Europe; also re-established legitimacy – restoring the monarchs
Austria, Britain, Russia, and Prussia formed the Quadruple Alliance – maintained balance of power and suppressed and revolutionary uprisings
Concert of Europe – powers met to discuss any problems effecting peace in Europe