The Islamic World CHAPTER 11 Section 1: The Rise of Islam 5/15/2018 CHAPTER 11 The Islamic World Section 1: The Rise of Islam Section 2: The Spread of Islam Section 3: Islamic Civilization

The Rise of Islam Objectives: Section 1: Describe how geography affected the people of the Arabian Peninsula. Explain how Islam began. Identify the main beliefs of Islam.

Arabia: Its Geography and People Section 1: The Rise of Islam Arabia: Its Geography and People Mainly desert surrounded by Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea Inhabited by the Bedouins Nomadic herders Organized into tribes Leader was called a Sheikh

Arabia: Its Geography and People Section 1: The Rise of Islam Arabia: Its Geography and People Most important city was Mecca Trading city On the caravan route to Syria

The Rise of Islam The Prophet Muhammad Section 1: Muhammed 570-632 Orphaned at a young age Founder of Islam At the age of 40, had a vision of the archangel Gabriel Gabriel told him to preach the existence of the one god Allah

The Rise of Islam The Prophet Muhammad Section 1: Mecca a trading center Merchants were against Muhammed His ideas threatened their authority, conduct, and values Forced to flee from Mecca in 622 Hijrah – journey from Mecca to Yathrib Marks the start of the of the Muslim calendar

The Rise of Islam The Faith of Islam Section 1: Follows of Islam are called Muslims Compiled the Qur’an Holy book of Islam Written in Arabic Belive in one God – submission to the will of God

The Rise of Islam The Faith of Islam Section 1: Five Pillars of Islam Islamic instructions for living Carry out worship in Mosques

The Spread of Islam Objectives: Section 2: Explore how the Muslims expanded their empire. Explain why the Islamic community divided.

Expansion Under Abū Bakr and ‘Umar Section 2: The Spread of Islam Expansion Under Abū Bakr and ‘Umar Caliphs Successors to Muhammed Were rulers of the Islamic Empire Abū Bakr Muhammad’s successor Compiled the Qur’an Holy book of Islam

Expansion Under Abū Bakr and ‘Umar Section 2: The Spread of Islam Expansion Under Abū Bakr and ‘Umar ‘Umar succeeded Abū Bakr conquered neighboring non-Muslim lands by 658 Expanded into SW Asia Eventually caused a split within Islam

The Islamic Community Divides Section 2: The Spread of Islam The Islamic Community Divides By 659 Disagreements about who should be caliphs led to a civil war Two groups emerged Sunni Believed that agreement among Muslims should settle religious practice Majority of Muslims are Sunni

The Islamic Community Divides Section 2: The Spread of Islam The Islamic Community Divides Shi’ah Believed that Imams should decide holy matters Fled to Persia (Iran) Sufis Emerged later Believed in leading simple lives, centered on God

The Empire Continues to Spread Section 2: The Spread of Islam The Empire Continues to Spread The Moors By 750 the Muslims conquered Spain Led by Täriq The Turks and Islam Emerged from central Asia in the late 900s conquered Syria, Mesopotamia, and much of Asia Minor Set up a large empire

Islamic Civilization Objectives: Section 3: Describe how the location of Arabia affected trade in the Muslim Empire. Explain what Muslim society and family life were like. Identify Muslim achievements in science. Explore how Islam influenced Arab art and literature.

Islamic Civilization A Culture of Traders Section 3: At center of world trade network that linked Europe, Asia, and Africa Used trade to spread religion east Government Led by Caliphs Rule according to the Qu’ran Governed daily life

Government and Society Section 3: Islamic Civilization Government and Society Daily Life Prayer at the center of daily life Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca Women had rights Muslim women enjoyed more freedoms than most other women Polygamy was common Everyone had roles and duties

Islamic Civilization The Sciences Section 3: Medicine Mathematics studied pharmaceutical drugs and dissection Improved surgical instruments al-Razi wrote about diasease Mathematics Developed the Arabic number system, decimals. Study of algebra

Islamic Civilization The Sciences Section 3: Geography Improved astronomy, navigation, and maps Developed the astrolabe

Islamic Civilization The Arts Section 3: Art Literature Developed calligraphy, architecture, geometric and floral patterns Literature The Thousand and One Nights – collection of folktales including “Sinbad the Sailor,” “Aladdin,” and “Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves”