Islamic Empire Part 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Islamic Empire Part 2

5. Islamic Empire After Mohammed’s death, Arab leaders form a theocratic empire (jihad). Become the dominant culture of the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain.

6. Cultural influences Cultural influences in Islam: Arabian Persian Far East: India, China Greco-Roman (Mediterranean basin)

7. Greco Roman legacy Science: Greco-Roman scientific knowledge was lost in the Christian West. Why?

7. Greco Roman legacy Provincial nature of the Medieval West (ruralization) Destruction of libraries (Constantinople by the Crusaders) Decline of educational institutions. Sequestering of knowledge by the Church.

7. Greco Roman legacy Muslim scholars preserved the Greco-Roman corpus of scientific knowledge. They improved on it by adding the achievements of the East (Persia, India and China). They spread all this knowledge throughout their empire ultimately bringing it back to Western Europe through Spain (Al-Andalus).

8. Scientific advances Astronomy: Use of the astrolabe. Instrument to measure the altitude of the sun and stars: a way to measure time, calendar. Invented by Hellenistic Greeks (Alexandria).

8. Scientific advances Mathematics: Medicine: Algebra (equations) Hindu numerals Medicine: Empirical approach Pediatrics Ophthalmology Pharmacy Encyclopedias

8. Scientific advances Chemistry (alchemy): alcohol Book-making: Introduction of paper from China (used instead of papyrus or parchment)

9. Literature Lyric Poetry: Collections of Eastern tales: Impossible love Pursuit rather than union with the beloved. Influence on Provençal poetry Collections of Eastern tales: The One Thousand and One Nights Influence on Medieval literature: Boccaccio: Decameron

10. Al-Andalus: Islamic Spain 714-1492 Cordoba: capital of Abd-ar-Rahman III (10th century). Great Mosque. Toledo: School of translations. Golden age of religious tolerance and scientific and cultural achievements. Granada: Alhambra Palace

10. Al-Andalus: Cordoba

10. Al-Andalus: Cordoba Large courtyard Fountains for ritual washing Minaret (muezzin)

10. Al-Andalus: Cordoba Use of arches and domes

10. Al-Andalus: Cordoba