Chapter 1: The Athletic Trainer as a Health Care Provider

Athletic trainers specialize in preventing, recognizing, managing and rehabilitating injuries Function as a member of a health care team which also incorporates and involves a number of medical specialties Provide a critical link between the medical community and physically active individuals

Historical Perspective Early History Evidence suggests that coaches, physicians & therapists existed in ________ and __________________ ________________________________________ Athletic trainers came into existence in the late 19th century in intercollegiate & interscholastic sports Early treatments involved _____, _______ ________, ____________, and __________.

Evolution of Contemporary Athletic Trainer Traditional setting of practice included colleges and secondary schools ________________________________________ Today certified athletic trainers (____) work in a variety of settings and with a variety of patient populations _________________, ___________, _________, _________________, __________, ________, _______________

Rapid evolution of the profession following WW I Athletic trainers became specialists in preventing and managing injuries Dr. S.E. Bilik wrote, _______________________ The Cramer brothers developed a line of liniments to treat ankle sprains (1920’s) and followed the publication ____________________ In the ______’s the NATA started to come into existence but then disappeared during WW II In ______ the NATA was reorganized and it has continued to flourish and expand

With the evolution of the profession a number of milestones have been achieved Recognition of Acts as healthcare providers ______________________________________ Passage of practice acts Third party reimbursement for athletic trainers ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Changing Face of Athletic Training Profession Role of the athletic trainer is more in line, today, as a health care provider 40% of athletic trainers are employed in ______, _______, ________ and _________ __________ Also involved in ________, performing arts, military, _______, medical equipment & sales, law enforcement, and the ___ ___________ Has resulted in changes in athletic training education

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Becoming more aligned as a clinical health care profession Athletic trainers do not just provide medical care to athletes or those just injured during physical activity Becoming more aligned as a clinical health care profession Requires terminology changes Patients and clients vs. athletes Athletic clinic or facility vs. athletic training room Athletic trainers – ________________!!

Sports Medicine and Athletic Training Broad field of medical practices related to physical activity and sport Involves a number of specialties involving active populations Typically classified as relating to performance enhancement or injury care and management

Sports Medicine Human Performance Management Injury Exercise Physiology Practice of Medicine Athletic Training Biomechanics Sport Psychology Sports Physical Therapy Strength Conditioning Sports Massage Personal Fitness Trainers Sports Podiatry/ Orthotists Sports Dentistry

Growth of Professional Sports Medicine Organizations International Federation of Sports Medicine (1928) American Academy of Family Physicians (1947) National Athletic Trainers Association (1950) American College of Sports Medicine (1954) American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (1972) National Strength and Conditioning Association (1978) American Academy of Pediatrics, Sports Committee (1979) Sports Physical Therapy Section of APTA (1981) NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports (1985) National Academy of Sports Medicine (1987)

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Sports Medicine Journals A variety of publications exist, providing excellent resources to the sports medicine community Journal of Athletic Training Journal of Sports Rehabilitation International Journal of Sports Medicine Physician and Sports Medicine Clinics in Sports Medicine American Journal of Sports Medicine Sports Health Athletic Therapy Today Training & Conditioning Athletic Training & Sports Health Care

Roles & Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer Charged with _______ __________and ______ ______ _________for an injured patient Athletic trainer deals with the patient and injury from its inception until the athlete returns to _____ ____________

Roles and Responsibilities: Board of Certification Domains ______________ Clinical evaluation and diagnosis Immediate care ___________, ____________, and _____________ Health care administration ___________ _____________

Prevention Ensure safe environment Conduct _________ _________ Develop _________ and ___________ ___________ Select and fit protective equipment properly Explaining important _____ and ________ __________ Ensure appropriate medication use while discouraging substance abuse

Clinical Evaluation & Diagnosis _________ nature and extent of ________ Involves both ___ and ________ evaluation skills and techniques Understand pathology of injuries and illnesses Referring to _______ __________ Referring to supportive services Immediate Care Administration of appropriate first aid and emergency medical care (____, _____) Activation of emergency action plans (____)

Treatment, Rehabilitation Reconditioning Design preventative training systems ___________ program design ___________ rehabilitation programs Incorporation of therapeutic ________ and _________ Offering psychosocial intervention Organization & Administration _________ ____________ Ordering supplies and equipment Establishing policies and procedures Supervising personnel

Professional Responsibilities Athletic trainer as ________ Athletic trainer and _________ __________ Athletic trainers as __________ Athletic trainers as ____________ Incorporation of evidence medicine and participating and acquisition of evidence for efficacy of patient care

Personal Qualities of the Athletic Trainer Stamina and the ___________________ Empathy __________________ _______________ Intellectual curiosity Ethical practice Professional memberships

Athletic Trainer and… Athlete- Parents- Team Physician- Coach-

Support Health Services & Personnel Physicians Dentist Podiatrist Nurse Physicians Assistant Physical Therapist Occupational Therapist Massage Therapist Ophthalmologist Dermatologist Gynecologist Exercise Physiologist Biomechanist Nutritionist Sport Psychologist Coaches Strength & Conditioning Specialist Social Worker Neurologist Emergency Medical Technician

Accredited Athletic Training Education Programs Entry-level athletic training education programs In 2016, ____ undergraduate programs, ___ total master’s programs __ Bachelor’s and __ Master’s Programs in Texas Advanced graduate athletic training education programs Designed for individuals that are already certified ATs

Post-Professional Athletic Training Education Programs ___ post-graduate programs are certified by the NATA Graduate Education Committee Designed to enhance _________ and ________ ___________of already certified athletic trainers

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Athletic Training Education Competencies Twelve Content Areas Risk management Pathology of _______ and ________ Orthopedic clinical examination & diagnosis ________________ Pharmacological aspects of injury and illness ___________________

Athletic Training Education Competencies __________ & __________ exercise General medical conditions and disabilities Nutritional aspects of injury and illnesses Psychosocial intervention and referral _____________________________ _________________& ________________

Foundational Behaviors of Professional Practice “People” components of the profession Recognizing the primary focus of practice should be the patient Understanding that competent health care requires a team approach Being aware of legal elements of practice Practicing ethically Advancing the knowledge base in athletic training Appreciate cultural diversity Being an advocate and model for the AT profession

Specialty Certifications NATA is in the process of developing specialty certifications Purpose To provide the athletic trainer with _________ _________________that demonstrates attainment of ___________ and _______ that will __________ _______________, enhance health-related patient quality of life, and optimize ___________________in specialized areas of athletic training practice

Requirements for Certification as an Athletic Trainer Graduate from an _________ _________ Guidelines are set by the Board of Certification (BOC) Pass BOC- _______________________ BOC can be a _____________ for state Licensure, but not always Pass State Licensure exam TX: ____________ & _____________

Continuing Education Requirements Ensure ongoing __________ __________ and _____________ Requirements that must be met to remain certified ___ CEUs over the course of two years ___ CEUs are EBP related

Purpose: To encourage athletic trainers to obtain current professional development information To explore new knowledge in specific areas To master new athletic training related skills and techniques To expand approaches to effective athletic training To further develop professional judgment To conduct professional practice in an ethical and appropriate manner

CEUs are awarded for: Attending symposiums, workshops, seminars Serving as a speaker or panelist Certification exam model Participating in the USOC program Authoring a research article; authoring/editing a textbook Completing post-graduate work All certified athletic trainers must demonstrate proof of current CPR/AED certification

State Regulation of the Athletic Trainer During the early-1970s NATA realized the necessity of obtaining some type of official recognition by other medical allied health organizations of the athletic trainer as a health care professional Laws and statutes specifically governing the practice of athletic training were nonexistent in virtually every state

Athletic trainers in many individual states organized efforts to secure recognition by seeking some type of regulation of the athletic trainer by state licensing agencies To date __ of the __ states have enacted some type of regulatory statute governing the practice of athletic training Rules and regulations governing the practice of athletic training vary tremendously from state to state

Regulation may be in the form of: Licensure _______ practice of athletic training to those who have met __________ _____________ established by a state licensing board Limits the _____________________ who can perform functions related to athletic training as dictated by the practice act Most ___________ of all forms of regulation

Certification Registration Does not restrict using the title of athletic trainer to those certified by the state Can restrict performance of athletic training functions to only those individuals who are certified Registration Before an individual can practice athletic training he or she must register in that state Individual has paid a fee for being placed on an existing list of practitioners but says nothing about competency

Exemption State recognizes that an athletic trainer performs similar functions to other licensed professions (e.g. physical therapy), yet still allows them to practice athletic training despite the fact that they do not comply with the practice acts of other regulated professions Legislation regulating the practice of athletic training has been positive and to some extent protects the athletic trainer from litigation

Future Directions for the Athletic Trainer Will be determined by the efforts of the NATA and its membership Ongoing re-evaluation, revision and reform of athletic training education Further recognition of CAATE by CHEA will further enhance credibility Athletic trainers must continue to actively seek third party reimbursement for athletic training services Standardization of state practice acts

Athletic trainers will seek specialty certifications Expanding breadth and scope of practice Increase in secondary school employment of athletic trainers Increase in recognition of athletic trainers as physician extender Potential for expansion in the military, industry, and fitness/wellness settings With general population aging = increased opportunity to work with aging physically active individuals Continue to enhance visibility through research and scholarly publication

Continue to be available for local and community meetings to discuss health care of the athlete Increase recognition and presence internationally Most importantly, continue to focus efforts on injury prevention and to provide high quality health care to physically active individuals regardless of the setting in which the injury occurs