Latitude & Longitude – How they work Any Material in BLUE should be copied down

Page 44 of your atlas – find the approximate location of Penticton These lines work together to form a grid system on the globe which helps us to locate different places Latitude: Lateral (lines from East to West – “fatitude”) Longitude: Lines from North to South Insert a map of your country. Page 44 of your atlas – find the approximate location of Penticton Answer = 49.3N 119.35W

The other purpose of these lines is to divide the globe into time zones (specifically done by lines of longitude). Insert a map of your country.

Find the time difference if it is noon on Wednesday in Penticton (pg Find the time difference if it is noon on Wednesday in Penticton (pg. 28 in your atlas) Vancouver, BC = Greenwich, UK (time zone “Z”) = Sydney, AUS (time zone “K”) = Toronto, ON (time zone “R”) = Noon, Wednesday 8pm, Wednesday 6am, Thursday 3pm, Wednesday

LINES OF LATITUDE Above Equator, Below Arctic Circle The Tropics Below Equator, Above Antarctic Circle Insert a map of your country. Both Tropics mark the boundary of where the sun could be directly overhead at noon during certain times of the year. 1 of the 5 “Great Circles”

These lines run horizontally around the globe, parallel to each other. Insert a map of your country.

There are approximately 111 km between each degree of latitude.

The longest of these lines is the EQUATOR, which circles the exact middle of the globe Insert a map of your country.

It is one of the GREAT CIRCLES as it encompasses the circumference of the Earth Insert a map of your country.

Tropic of Capricorn = 23.5o S Lines of latitude circle the globe at varying degrees NORTH and SOUTH of the equator. The lines are also given numbers measured in degrees. Equator = 0o North Pole = 90o N South Pole = 90o S Tropic of Cancer = 23.5o N Tropic of Capricorn = 23.5o S Insert a map of your country.

LINES OF LONGITUDE Insert a map of your country.

All lines of longitude have two things in common: -They run through both the North and South Poles -They are all GREAT CIRCLES Insert a map of your country.

Lines of Longitude are NOT parallel to each other, however, like latitude, they are numbered in degrees and measured EAST and WEST of the PRIME MERIDIAN at 0o Insert a map of your country.

My Uncle Patrick at the Prime Meridian in Greenwich

Opposite of the prime meridian is the INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE running through 180o. This line allows for the change in time zones and exists as an agreed point that the day changes when you travel over it. Insert a map of your country.

When crossing the International Date Line going WEST you advance one day.

When crossing the International Date Line going EAST you go back one day.

The Earth rotates fully every 24 hours The Earth rotates fully every 24 hours. Each of the 24 meridians equals one hour of time (150).

Let’s draw all of those on our “globe”… On your Balloons-Draw: 24 meridians Equator International Dateline

The tilt of the globe and seasons…

The Earth tilts at an angle of 23.5o

Due to this tilt, the sun’s rays shine more directly on either the Northern or Southern hemispheres, giving us different seasons

Only the area of the Earth between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn receive direct sunlight all year.

(shortest day of the year for N Hemisphere) IMPORTANT DATES June 21st - Summer Solstice (longest day of the year for N Hemisphere) September 23rd - Autumnal Equinox (equal day and night) December 21st or 22nd - Winter Solstice (shortest day of the year for N Hemisphere) March 21st - Vernal Equinox