Warm Up Hinduism and Buddhism are the two major religions that have shaped Asian culture throughout history. Turn to Chapter 3, Section 2 in your text and use this information to complete the provided comparison chart.

How is China similar to the other civilizations of the ancient world? Ancient China How is China similar to the other civilizations of the ancient world?

Geography (Huang He) Yellow River and Yangtze River Himalayan Mountains Gobi Dessert Plateau of Tibet and Mongolia

China has the longest continuous history

First Dynasties Xia Dynasty (Shyah) 2200 B.C. No written record Organized through village network Flood Control -- Hereditary monarchy Shang Dynasty 1700-1027 BC 1st family to have written records of rule Elaborate palaces and tombs Near the Yellow River (Huang Ho)

Shang Dynasty Anyang Capital Religion Massive Wall surrounded cities Religion - Spirits (Friendly/Troublesome Neighbors) - Oracle Bones Large armies - Constantly being invaded Organization Ruling class of warrior nobles headed by a King Family central to Chinese society

Oracle bone with early ideographic script

The Zhou Zhou dynasty Replaced one ruling class with another 1050 B.C. “meet the new boss...same as the old boss.” longest ruling dynasty (900 yrs)

Zhou dynasty 1100-256 B.C.

Zhou Dynasty Expanded Bureaucracy Mandate of Heaven Civil Service: People who run the government Mandate of Heaven Idea that Gods Favored a certain group to rule and that group is only overthrown when they have lost the favor the Gods Constant Conflict – “The Warring States Period” Set up Dynastic Cycles Northern invaders weaken Zhou Dynasty

Zhou Dynasty China moves away from ancient values Social order, harmony, respect for authority No law codes: rule by decree - Mandate of Heaven Feudal Society - Emperor gave out fiefs Development of cheap iron weaponry

The Period of Warring States 771 B.C. dozen-plus states balance of power until 500’s period of consolidation by warfare Chronic warfare

The Period of the Warring States, ca. 500 B.C.

Buddhism a religion whose followers seek spiritual enlightenment and emphasizes the teachings of the Buddha including Dharma (duty) and the Four Noble Truths

Siddhartha Gautama Founder of Buddhism. Known as “Buddha” or “Enlightened One”

Four Noble Truths Suffering is a part of life. Suffering is caused by people’s greed and cravings for things (selfishness). Suffering will stop is selfishness is overcome. The way to bring an end to suffering is to follow the Eightfold path.

Eightfold Path Accept the four noble truths. (awareness) Think in the right way which leads you to help others. (thought) Be kind in speech; avoid boasting, gossip, and lies. (speech) Do what is right. (action)

5. Earn your living in a way which is good. (livelihood) 6. Avoid evil thoughts and actions. Work hard. (effort) 7. Learn to meditate. (concentration) 8. Be at peace in your mind. (understanding)

Nirvana This leads to Nirvana: a state of freedom from the cycle of rebirth.

Compare and Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism What similarities exist in their beliefs and practices?What differences?

Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty 221-206 B.C. dominated by “The First Emperor” Qin Shi Huangdi (Chin Shi Huang Ti) ambitious= understatement centralized the government- rid of feudal lords constructed roads and canals The Great Wall- many people died An amazing tomb found in 20th Century

The Qin and the Legalist Tradition Ideology of rule - absolute power of the ruler - people existed to serve the state - destroy Confucian philosophy?

Resistance to Qin Policies Emperor orders execution of all critics Orders burning of all ideological works Some 460 scholars buried alive Others exiled Massive cultural losses

Tomb of Shi Huangdi

Terra Cotta Warriors

Darrell Wells - Hickory Ridge HS McDougal Littell – World History: Patterns of Interaction