DO NOW EOC REVIEW PG 199 NAME THE 3 PARTS OF THIS STRUCTURE: FILL OUT THE CHART BIOMOLECULE MONOMER FUNCTION EXAMPLE ILLUSTRATION NUCLEOTIDE

RNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

42. RNA Sugar Ribose Bases A,U,C,G Number of strands 1 strand Where in the cell Cytoplasm Function Codes for proteins

45. What the three types of RNA and what are their functions? mRNA – carries message from DNA rRNA – makes up the ribosome tRNA – transfers amino acids to the ribosome

#35 Transcription is the process of making mRNA from the DNA in the nucleus.

Translation #38 Translation is the making of the protein from the mRNA Occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosome The mRNA codon codes for an anticodon on the tRNA The tRNA delivers the correct amino acid to build the polypeptide chain. Which will then become the protein

#36 & 37 In RNA the base thymine is replaced with uracil so if the DNA is A-G-C-C-A-G , the RNA will be U-C-G-G-U-C A codon is a group of 3 bases that code for an amino acid.

#39 & 40 To determine the amino acid sequence you use a RNA codon chart Look up the mRNA codon UCG codes for SER GUC codes for Val 40. The amino acids are held together with peptide bonds (hince the polypeptide chain)

MUTATIONS 43. What is a mutation? Change in genetic sequence Frameshift mutations Insertion Deletion Point mutations Substitution 44. A mutation must be in the gamete if it is passed on to the next generation

GENE EXPRESSION #41 Not all genes are turned on. In some cells parts of the DNA will be turned on, but in other cells the same part will be turned off. This results in differentiation. The ability of cells to behave differently. This is why even though all of our body cells have the exact same DNA, they don’t all function the same way.