Topic 17- The World Between the Wars Essential Question- What should governments do?

What role did Africans play in WWI What role did Africans play in WWI? What did they hope this would achieve? Many Africans fought in WWI on behalf of their colonies’ mother countries. They hoped to gain more rights, but things stayed the same or worsened

Define segregation in your own words Define segregation in your own words. Describe the segregation that was taking place in South Africa (include and define its specific name). Segregation = separation Apartheid- policy of strict racial segregation South African blacks were pushed into worse jobs, force off the best land & made to live on reserves, forced to carry passes, not allowed to vote

Define Pan-Africanism. Who was the movement’s leader? Pan-Africanism- movement that emphasized the unity of Africans and the people of African descent worldwide Led by Marcus Garvey

What was the state of the Ottoman Empire after WWI? After WWI, the Ottoman empire was near collapse, and Arab lands were divided between Britain and France. However, ethnic Turks resisted Western control

Who was Atatürk and how did he come to power? Mustafa Kemal led Turkish nationalists to overthrow the Sultan and establish Turkey as a republic. Took the name Atatϋrk, which means “father of the Turks”

What were Atatürk’s goals and how/what did he do to achieve them What were Atatürk’s goals and how/what did he do to achieve them? Describe the changes he made. Goals: Rid Turkey of foreign influence and occupation, modernize/westernize Turkey, separate religion and government To do this, Atatϋrk was a strict ruler Many Turks look at him as a hero who freed Turkey from foreign influence and established a strong Turkish nation. Others condemned him for replacing the Quran-led government with secular authority and Western ways Before After Islamic law Law code based on European models Muslim Calendar Western Calendar (Gregorian/ Christian) Robes, women veiled Western clothing- veils outlawed Arabic Script (الأبجدية) Western Latin based (Alphabet) Little industrialization Gov’t built railroads and factories Religious led government (Muslim) Secular government separate from religion

Describe how Reza Khan followed Atatürk’s lead in Persia. Reza Khan = Reza Shah Pahlavi Persia = Iran Wanted to modernize Persia for independence Built factories, roads, railroads Western clothing, modern (secular) schools Moved to replace Islamic law with western law Persuaded British to give Persia a larger share of oil industry

Define mandate. Mandate- a territory administered by a Western power (post WWI)

What obstacles did the Pan-Arab movement face? Pan-Arabism- nationalist movement based on the shared heritage of Arabs Arabs tended to identify with their particular tribe/sect/religion/region rather than as a unified state

What happened to the Ottoman Empire after WWI/the Treaty of Versailles? Ottoman land was divided between the British and the French into mandates, despite Allies promising to allow leaders to create their own kingdoms

What is Zionism. Who was its founder What is Zionism? Who was its founder? What prompted the Zionist movement to become popular? Zionism- nationalist movement for a Jewish homeland to be established in the Middle East (Israel) Founded by Theodore Herzl Zionist movement became popular after Jews were used as scapegoats and pogroms in Russia

Describe the two conflicting promises the British made to Arab and Jewish nationalists. The Arabs would have their own kingdoms in the former Ottoman Empire (including Palestine) Britain issued the Balfour Declaration to win support of European Jews. The document promised support for a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine.  Problem: The British promised Palestine to both the Arabs and the Jews

Why did tensions between Jews and Arabs in the Palestine Mandate grow? Jewish immigrants built factories and irrigated the desert to grow crops. Soon industrial cities developed with large Jewish population. Over time, however, the Jews began to purchase land then evict the Arab tenants. Many Jewish factory owners refused to hire Arab workers. In turn, Arabs attacked Jewish communities to discourage immigration

What’s the message?