1. Nationalism in Africa and the Middle East
Chapter 12 Section 2

2. Africa Which imperialistic countries colonized Africa?
Discuss with your neighbor

3. Africans Resist Colonial Rule
Cons
Pros
Colonization led to
exploitation of lands
Forced labor
High taxes
African soldiers for colonial leaders hoping for returns
WWI
Western-educated Africans demanded change
Wilson’s call for self- determination inspired Africans

4. South Africa 1910-1940: Whites strengthened rule with extreme racism
Ensured white supremacy
In one S.A. providence where educated/landowning blacks were able to vote, lost the vote in 1936
1948: Apartheid, or policy of rigid segregation became law
Nationalism helped Africans, but could not resist government

5. Nationalism and an Africa for Africans
1920s: Pan-Africanism, or an emphasis in the unity of Africans worldwide
Marcus Garvey (Jamaica ) “Africa for Africans”
W.E.B. DuBois  First Pan- African Congress 1919
Negritude movement
Writers expressed pride in their African roots and protested colonial rule

6. The End of the Ottoman Empire
Asia Minor, or the Turkish Peninsula between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea
Ottomans gave up some land to Greece
Turkish nationalists led by Mustafa Kemal, overthrew Ottoman Sultan and defeated Greeks
TURKEY A REPUBLIC

7. The End of the Ottoman Empire

8. Arab Nationalism in the Middle East
OIL began to be exploited at this time for the Industrial Revolution
Pan-Arabism, nationalist movement of Arabs in the Middle East
Arabs outraged at the Paris Peace Conference
Arabs helped Allies during WWI and were told they’d receive their lands back
Lands were divided by the West
Turmoil happened when Britain gave portion of Palestine to Jordan
Zionists and Arabs increasingly clashed

10. Promises in Palestine
Since Roman times, Jews wanted to return to Judea, or Israel
1897: Theodor Herzl  Zionist Movement
Jews to create a state in Palestine
WWI Mistake  Two conflicting promises
Arabs their own kingdoms in former Ottoman lands including Palestine
1917: Balfour Declaration  advocated set up of Jewish nation in Palestine
“nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine”