1. NATIONALISM AROUND THE WORLD

2. Key Events
The Balfour Declaration issued by the British foreign secretary in 1917 turned Palestine, a country with an 80% Muslim population, into a homeland for the Jews.
Chiang Kai-shek positioned his Nationalist forces against Mao Zedong’s Communists.
Key oil fields were discovered in the Persian Gulf area in 1938.

3. The Impact Today
The events that occurred during this time period still impact our lives today.
The conflict over Palestine continues to bring violence and unrest to the region.
Today China remains a communist state, and Mao Zedong is remembered as one of the country’s most influential leaders.
The Western world is very dependent upon oil from the Middle East.

4. Essay Questions
Explain the impact of the Balfour Declaration on the Middle East
Explain the purpose of Chiang Kai-shek’s “New Life Movement”
Explain the rise of militarism in Japan in the early 1930s
Describe the impact of the Great Depression on Latin America

5. Vocabulary Terms Genocide Reza Shah Pahlavi W.E.B. Dubois
Black Dragon Society
Chiang Kai-Shek
New Life Movement
Communists
Mahatma
Oligarchy
Lazaro Cardenas

6. Armenians
Balfour Declaration
Marcus Garvey
Zaibatsu
Mao Zedong
Guerrilla Tactics
Redistribution of Wealth
Good Neighbor Policy
Getulio Vargas
PEMEX

7. Nationalism in the middle easT

8. Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire grew weaker  the “sick man of Europe”
During WWI, the Ottoman Turks alienated the Allies with their policies toward minorities, especially the Armenians.
Armenians wanted independence from Ottoman government.
1915—Armenians staged an uprising.

9. One million Armenians died
600,000 killed
500,000 deported
400,000 died marching thru deserts & swamps
GENOCIDE – THE DELIBERATE MASS MURDER OF A PARTICULAR RACIAL, POLITICAL, OR CULTURAL GROUP.
ETHNIC CLEANSING – A MORE MODERN TERM FOR GENOCIDE.
ARMENIANS – VICTIMS OF GENOCIDE AT THE HANDS OF THE OTTOMAN GOVERNMENT.

10. By 1918, another 400,000 Armenians had been massacred.
Russia, France, Britain were furious  “against humanity and civilization”
Because of the war, the killing continued.
Ottoman Empire collapsed at end of WWI.
Great Britain and France divided territories
Turkey remained under Ottoman control
Later Greece took Turkey
Declared to be the Turkish Republic.

11. The Beginnings of Modern Iran
Known as Persia
Qajar Dynasty ( ) unsuccessful in fixing domestic problems
Dynasty asked Russia and Great Britain for help in protecting it from its own people, which led to lots of outsiders in Persia
Discovery of oil in 1908 attracted more outsiders

12. Increased foreign outsiders led to a Persian nationalist movement.
1921Reza Khan led a military mutiny and took control of Tehran (the capital)
1925Reza Khan established himself as shah, or king, and was called Reza Shah Pahlavi.
REZA SHAH PAHLAVI ESTABLISHED THE MODERN STATE OF IRAN IN 1935.

13. The Problem of Palestine
In Palestine, the nationalism of Jews and Arabs came into conflict because both groups viewed the area as a potential national state
Since the 1890s, the Zionist movement pushed for Palestine to become a Jewish state
Jews wanted Palestine because ancient Israel was located there
Arabs wanted Palestine because their ancestors lived there for centuries
Lots of Jews began to migrate to Palestine.

14. During WWI, Britain issued the BALFOUR DECLARATION – STATED BRITAIN’S INTENTION TO MAKE PALESTINE THE NATIONAL HOME OF THE JEWS.
Added that this should not undermine the rights of the non-Jewish people living there
Attracted even more Jews to Palestine
1933, the Nazi regime in Germany began policies that later led to the Holocaust
During the 1930s, many Jews fled to Palestine
Tensions grew, violence between Jews and Muslims flared
Britain tried to end violence by declaring the only 75,000 Jews could immigrate to Palestine in the next 5 years; after that, no more.
This made matters much worse!

15. Nationalism in AFRICA AND ASIA

16. Movements Toward Independence in Africa
Black Africans fought in WWI with France and Britain hoping they would win independence after the war
Peace settlement after WWI was a disappointment
Germany stripped of its African colonies; they were given to Great Britain and France as mandates for the League of Nations.
Britain and France now governed most of Africa

17. After WWI, Africans became more politically active and sought reforms
New leaders for African independence
W.E.B. DuBOIS – LEADER OF A MOVEMENT THAT TRIED TO MAKE ALL AFRICANS AWARE OF THEIR OWN CULTURAL HERITAGE.
MARCUS GARVEY – STRESSED THE NEED FOR THE UNITY OF ALL AFRICANS, A MOVEMENT KNOWN AS PAN-AFRICANISM.

18. Movement for Indian Independence
Mohandas Gandhi became active in the movement for Indian self-rule before WWI
Became known as MAHATMA – “GREAT SOUL”
Organized non-violent mass protests
Civil disobedience – refusal to obey laws considered to be unjust
1919 – British troops killed hundreds of unarmed protesters in Amristar
Gandhi arrested
Spent several years in prison

19. After release from prison, Gandhi returned to civil disobedience
Gandhi’s teachings
Wrong to harm any living being
Hate can only be overcome by love
Love, not force, could win people over to one’s position
Totally against violence!!
He encouraged Indians to protest by
Not paying taxes
Not sending their children to English-supported schools
Making their own cotton cloth at home
Not buying English-made goods
Not buying government salt – make salt at home

20. Britain increased tax on salt, and prohibited Indian people from making or harvesting their own salt
In 1930, Gandhi protested the new British taxes and restrictions on salt by walking to the sea on what became known as the SALT MARCH. When he reached the coast he picked up some salt as an act of civil disobedience. Thousands of followers did the same thing. All were later arrested.

21. Rise of a Militarist Japan
In the early 20th century, Japan’s economy fluorished
ZAIBATSU –LARGE FINANCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FIRMS THAT DEVELOPED INTO VAST COMPANIES THAT CONTROLLED MAJOR SEGMENTS OF THE JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR.