Approaches to Psychology

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Presentation transcript:

Approaches to Psychology Chp. 1 , Sec. 2

Wilhelm Wundt “Father of Modern Psychology” Credited with the establishment of a separate study of psychology A German physiologist Human behavior should be studied in a systematic & scientific manner He trained many students that carried on his systematic tradition

Historical Approaches Structuralism Study the basic elements of human behavior Used Introspection as a means of study Trained people to report their thoughts & feelings Positives & Negatives?

Historical Approaches Functionalism Study how animals & people adapt to their environment All activities of the mind serve the purpose of survival Established by William James Father of American Psychology

Historical Approaches Inheritable Traits Looked at how heredity influences a person’s ability, character, & behavior Sir Francis Galton studied eminent families & believed that success, intelligence, etc. ran in the family

Historical Approaches Gestalt Psychology Established by a group of German psychologists: Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, & Kurt Koffka Perception is more than the sum of its parts Studied how sensations are assembled into perceptual experiences

Contemporary Approaches Psychoanalytic Psychology Established by Sigmund Freud Studies the unconscious mind & how it influences human behavior Specifically interested in the conflicts that arise from unconscious desires & social norms Used free association & dream analysis to study personality

Contemporary Approaches Behavioral Psychology Established by Ivan Pavlov Famous for the “Pavlov’s Dog Experiment” Established the principle of a conditioned response Believed psychology should only concern itself with observable behavior Other famous behaviorists, John B. Watson & B.F. Skinner

Contemporary Approaches Humanistic Psychology Each person has the freedom to direct their future & achieve personal growth People are unique & have potential for full development Developed in response to behaviorism & psychoanalysis Famous Humanists, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, & Rollo May

Contemporary Approaches Cognitive Psychology Looks at how we process, store, and retrieve information & how those processes influence our behavior Famous Cognitivists, Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, and Leon Festinger Biological Psychology Look at how physical & chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior Psychobiologists will use PET scans & CAT scans to study people

Contemporary Approaches Sociocultural Psychology The newest approach in psychology Look at how ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status influence human behavior